Key features ▪ Protozoa are responsible for many tropical diseases that not only affect large regions of the world but also can have different clinical presentations in the Old World versus the New World (e.g. leishmaniasis) ▪ Protozoal infections can…
Introduction The term “venereal diseases” was historically used to refer to infections that are sexually transmitted, i.e. syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, and granuloma inguinale. These disorders are now referred to as “sexually transmitted diseases” (STDs) or “sexually transmitted infections”…
Introduction Viral infections are frequently associated with cutaneous manifestations, especially in children, in whom they are the most common cause of exanthems. An exanthem is defined as a skin eruption occurring as a sign of a general disease. Viral exanthems…
The human herpesviruses (HHVs) are categorized into three groups: alpha, beta, and gamma herpesvirinae ( Table 80.1 ). Each virus contains a core of linear double-stranded DNA, an icosahedral capsid 100–110 nm in diameter, and an envelope with glycoprotein spikes on…
Synonyms ▪ Verrucae vulgares (singular: verruca vulgaris) – common warts ▪ Verrucae palmares et plantares – hand and foot warts ▪ Verrucae planae – flat warts, plane warts ▪ Condylomata acuminata (singular: condyloma acuminatum) – genital warts ▪ Condylomata plana…
Key features ▪ A broad spectrum of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic skin conditions may occur in the setting of HIV-induced immune dysfunction ▪ The cutaneous findings often correlate with immune status, and knowing the viral load and CD4 + T-cell…
Key features ▪ Cutaneous fungal infections are broadly divided into two groups: (1) those that are limited to the stratum corneum, hair, and nails; and (2) those that involve the dermis and subcutaneous tissues ▪ Superficial fungal infections of the…
Key features ▪ Rickettsiae are small, obligately intracellular, Gram-negative bacteria that reside within an arthropod host (tick, flea, louse, or mite) during part of their life cycle ▪ The arthropod vector transmits the rickettsiae in its saliva or feces during…
In 1896, the name “mycobacteria” was given to a large group of bacteria that produce filamentous pellicles similar to molds when grown in liquid media. These organisms are thin, slightly curved to straight, non-motile and non-spore-forming, with a waxy coating…
Key features ▪ Roughly 20% of outpatient dermatology visits are for bacterial skin infections ▪ Staphylococci and streptococci cause the majority of bacterial skin conditions, which range from common infections (e.g. impetigo) to multisystem disorders (e.g. toxic shock syndrome) ▪…