Risk Incidence in USA: 1.5 million/y develop acute MI; about 50% are silent (without enough symptoms to cause a medical visit); decreased rate of death in the United States balanced by increased population has kept MI numbers constant since 1970…
Risk Incidence unknown, in part due to absence of clear diagnostic criteria/test 2 million motor vehicle accidents/y, with ∼40% involving closed chest injury 20–70% incidence by clinical criteria 16–20% incidence by autopsy Motor vehicle > falls > crush injuries Males…
Risk Incidence in USA: 1.7–10:10,000 live births. 70,000–100,000 individuals with myelomeningocele living in USA. Central Asian and Latin American countries have the highest incidence. Risk of myelomeningocele is 20 times higher in subsequent pregnancies. Reduced dietary folic acid, as well…
Risk Endemic/pandemic worldwide every 3–5 y. Outbreaks likely during summer and early fall. Affects persons of all ages. Long incubation periods of 1–3 wk. Transmitted person to person via aerosols. Frequent in closed and semiclosed communities. Common cause of upper…
Risk Prevalence of myasthenia gravis in USA is estimated at 14 to 20 per 100,000 population; there are approximately 36,000–60,000 cases in USA. Affects all races. Male:female ratio: 2:1. Perioperative Risks Postop NM ventilatory failure Postop pneumonia due to poor…
Risk 200,000 new cases of ARDS occur annually in USA. 0.2% of general surgical pts develop ARDS postop. Perioperative Risks Hypoxemia, hypercarbia, hemodynamic instability. ARDS hypoxemia requires ventilator management using high PEEP to achieve adequate oxygenation. High PEEP may impede…
Risk Affects more than a half million people in USA, with almost 10,000 new cases every year. Perioperative Risks Worsening of symptoms due to stress or infection Aspiration related to bulbar involvement Postop mechanical ventilation Worry About Hyperkalemia related to…
Risk Most common cause of death for pts in ICU Incidence 11-40% of adult ICU pts Risk factors: (1) Severe illness at time of ICU admission; (2) severe sepsis or infection at time of ICU admission; (3) old age Associated…
Risk Represents 1.6% of all new cancer cases in USA; estimated 26,850 new cases in 2015. Estimated 11,240 deaths, or 1.9% of all cancer deaths in USA in 2015. Incidence: 7.5:100,000 white males; 4.5:100,000 white females; 15.1:100,000 black males; 11.2:100,000…
Risk Neoplastic syndromes inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern; variable penetrance and rare incidence. Syndromes involve more than one endocrine gland. MEN tumors and their effects may be underdiagnosed and unrecognized when pt presents for nonrelated surgery (MEN 2a and…