Risk Dense changes in pericardium can be caused by scarring induced by a single episode of acute pericarditis or by prolonged exposure to an inflammatory process. 18% of pericardiectomies are attributed to previous cardiac surgery, which may explain the increase…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Drs. Terence Wallace and Bruce D. Spiess to this text in the previous edition. Risk Occurs rarely May be seen after open-heart surgery or PTCA. Blood and/or serous May be…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge Drs. James M. Sonner and Jeffrey A. Katz for their contribution to this text in the previous edition. Risk Incidence in USA: 0.1–0.5:100,000 per y for pemphigus vulgaris (the most common form of…
Risk Incidence: 25–30% at autopsy. Atrial septal aneurysm (a deformity of the septum that results in deviation of the septum more than 15 mm into either atrium) is associated with at least 50% of PFOs and is considered an additional…
Risk Full-term infants: 1:2000 Preterm infants: 8:1000 Highest in preterm and low–birth-weight infants Female-to-male ratio: 2:1 Associated with congenital rubella infection and genetic defects, including trisomy 21, CHARGE, and a familial recurrence rate of 3% Perioperative Risks Surgery: Hemorrhage; hemodynamic…
Risk May be seen in ICU pts and is indistinguishable from paroxysmal SVT Digitalis toxicity, acute lyte or acid-base imbalance Incidence of 2% in the periop period (excluding AF) No racial prevalence and all age groups May be seen with…
Risk Advanced age 1% of population >65 y No difference in distribution by gender Perioperative Risks Hemodynamic instability, hypotension, arrhythmias Aspiration and upper airway obstruction from poor coordination of upper airway muscles Laryngospasm Postop confusion and hallucinations Worry About Exacerbation…
Risk Incidence of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in USA estimated at 4.3:100,000 among children and 1.8:100,000 among adults. Vertical transmission during delivery is believed to be the major mode of transmission for juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Case reports show…
Risk Incidence of AP varies from 4.9–73.4 cases per 100,000 worldwide. Prevalence of CP has recently been estimated at 12–45 cases per 100,000, although its true prevalence is unknown. Perioperative Risks Most mortality occurs with surgery for complications of severe…
Risk Second most common bone disorder after osteoporosis. Most common in individuals of Anglo-Saxon descent; men > women Prevalence increases with age and can be as high as 9–15% in people >80 y; average age at diagnosis in USA is…