Risk Present in ∼42.7–63:100,000 and incidence is ∼16.3:100,000 in USA; more common with increasing age, with majority >55 y. Occurrence higher in males than females; risk factors include smoking, exposures, increasing age, family history, chronic reflux, environmental, viral, and genetics.…
Risk Incidence of pulmonary embolism in USA: 600,000/y No racial predilection Risk factors same as those for DVT Perioperative Risks Presents a risk for hypoxemia and right heart failure. Periop mortality of 50–90% for acute thromboendarterectomy and of ∼10% for…
Risk PA/IVS occurs in 3% of all CHD and has a prevalence of 0.07:1000 live births. PA/VSD occurs in 3.4% of all CHD. 20% of all cases of TOF are physiologically similar to PA/VSD due to extreme pulm artery stenosis.…
Risk Congenital deficiency. Homozygote is estimated at 1:500,000-750,000 live births. Occurs when gene coding for protein C on both chromosomes #2 is affected. Heterozygote ∼0.2–0.4% of healthy population; 2–5% in pts with DVT. Acquired deficiency also seen. Perioperative Risks Pts…
Risk Births at less than 37 post conceptual wk (PCW) rose sharply from 1990 to 2006 in USA due to the increase in assisted reproductive technology and multiple gestation. It has been slowly declining in the ensuing years. In 2013,…
Risk Although the true incidence of PIH remains unknown, it is believed to complicate about 6–10% of pregnancies, contributing to one of the major causes of maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Perioperative Risks Short-term maternal risks: CNS dysfunction,…
Risk Estimated 6.4 million pregnancies in USA, resulting in 4.1 million live births per year. Pregnancy rate is 102 pregnancies per 1000 women between the ages of 15–44 y. Perioperative Risks Maternal mortality rate is 28 deaths per 100,000 live…
Risk Incidence in USA: 11:100,000 live births and 9:1000 ectopic pregnancies. Higher incidence in African Americans, Asians, and immigrant populations from third-world countries. Risk factors include PID, tubal damage, intrauterine contraceptive devices, assisted reproductive techniques, previous ectopic, and previous pelvic…
Risk Implantation of a fertilized oocyte outside the uterine cavity. 1.3–2.4% of all pregnancies, but rate is increasing due to risk factors and better diagnostic methods. Risk factors: High-tubal surgery, prior ectopic pregnancy, use of an IUD, interutero exposure to…
Risk 2–8% of all pregnancies Nulliparous, or multiparous with previous preeclampsia/eclampsia Hx, advanced maternal age Increased with Hx of obesity, chronic htn, diabetes, renal disease, SLE, thrombophilia Perioperative Risks Increased risk of fetoplacental or maternal deterioration necessitating (often operative) delivery.…