Risk X-linked recessive; 1:3500 live male births; few known cases in females. Often undiagnosed until age 3–5 y; periop complications can occur before diagnosis. Deterioration through puberty to death usually before age 25 y. Periop risks may be present in…
Risk Major risk is hemorrhage, especially CNS or GI. Incidence: Risk of hemorrhage in 1–7.4% of pts chronically anticoagulated. Risk is dose-related and proportional to PT prolongation. Risk of hemorrhage doubles as INR increases from 2.0–2.9 to 3.0–4.4. It further…
Risk “Hallucinogen” with primary effects of heightened or distorted mood, thought, and sensory perception. The hallucinogen class includes LSD, mescaline, phencyclidine, and psilocybin. These drugs cause tolerance and psychological drug dependence but not physical drug dependence or withdrawal. Initially marketed…
Risk Trisomy 21 is the most common autosomal aneuploidy; approximately 1:1000 live births. 80% of children with this condition survive beyond 1 y; average life expectancy 60 y. Increased incidence in mothers >35 y, but most are born to younger…
Risk Vascular rings account for <1% of cardiovascular malformations that require surgical correction. Double aortic arch is the most common form of complete ring that encircles both the trachea and the esophagus. Race/gender predilection: None. Perioperative Risks Recurrent respiratory infections…
Risk Violation of pt autonomy and self-determination if DNR orders are not reconsidered and honored for the periop period. Increasing numbers of pts have some form of advance directive. Approximately 15% of surgical pts have DNR orders. Perioperative Considerations Resuscitation…
Risk More prevalent in developed countries; common in the UK and other parts of northern Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand, but uncommon in southern Africa, the Middle East, the Far East, and the Pacific Islands. Prevalence in developing…
Risk Most common coagulopathy in the ICU. 1% of all hospital admissions. Evidence of a coagulopathy in the DIC spectrum approaches 90% in cases of severe sepsis. The most important initiator of DIC is sepsis, along with trauma (hypovolemic shock,…
Risk Approximately 0.001 cases per 100,000 population in USA since 1980 (<5 cases a year). Endemic in developing countries. Still common in countries where mass immunization programs are not enforced. After political changes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia at…
Risk DCM is a largely irreversible form of heart muscle disease, with an estimated prevalence of 1:2500; it is the third most common cause of CHF and most frequent cause for heart transplantation. DCM leads to progressive CHF, ventricular and…