Abbreviations AAP American Academy of Pediatrics ACIP Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices ALT alanine aminotransferase CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention CMV cytomegalovirus EBV Epstein-Barr virus ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELU ELISA-linked units HAI histologic activity index HAV hepatitis…
Abbreviations ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease AP-1 adaptor protein complex 1 ARPKD autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate Cdc25A cell division cycle 25A CHF congenital hepatic fibrosis CXCR2 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 DPM ductal plate…
Abbreviations A1AT α 1 -antitrypsin ABC ATP-binding cassette AGS Alagille syndrome ASBT apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter BRIC benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis CMV cytomegalovirus FIC1 familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 JAG1 jagged-1 gene MCT medium-chain triglyceride MDR3 multidrug resistance protein 3 MMR…
Introduction The liver is, arguably, the principal orchestrator of metabolism in the body, essentially acting as the responder, arbiter, and transformer of the molecules of life. It is anatomically positioned to be the first organ to receive substances from the…
Abbreviations α 1 AT α1-antitrypsin ER endoplasmic reticulum IL interleukin MPT mitochondrial permeability transition PBA 4-phenylbutyric acid SERPIN serine protease inhibitor SNP single nucleotide polymorphism Introduction α 1 -Antitrypsin (α 1 AT) deficiency is an autosomal codominant disorder associated with…
Abbreviations BMP bone morphogenic protein DMT1 divalent-metal transporter 1 FPN1 ferroportin HAMP hepcidin gene HC hemochromatosis HJV hemojuvelin IRIDA iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia LCI labile cellular iron LEAP-1 liver expressed antimicrobial protein 1 LPI labile plasma iron NTBI non–transferrin-bound forms of…
Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase AST aspartate aminotransferase ATPase adenosine triphosphatase CTR1 copper transporter 1 LT liver transplantation Introduction Copper is essential for biologic processes in plants, bacteria, fungi, and complex organisms. Because copper can exist in two oxidation states (Cu…
Abbreviations ABC ATP-binding cassette ATP8B1 ATPase class I type 8B member 1 BSEP bile salt export pump BSP bromosulfophthalein CAR constitutive androstane receptor CO carbon monoxide ELB “early-labeled peak” of bilirubin FXR farnesoid X receptor HO heme oxygenase MDR1 multidrug…
Abbreviations ALT alanine aminotransferase AST aspartate aminotransferase LDH lactate dehydrogenase MELD Model for End-Stage Liver Disease rFVIIa recombinant factor VIIa Introduction It is estimated that up to 10% of cirrhotic patients will undergo surgery in the final 2 years of…
Abbreviations ADR adverse drug reaction ALF acute liver failure ALT alanine aminotransferase AP alkaline phosphatase AST aspartate aminotransferase ATP adenosine triphosphate BHDS botanicals, herbal products, and dietary supplements CI confidence interval CYP cytochrome P450 DILI drug-induced liver injury DILIN Drug-Induced…