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Tongue disorders


Tongue disorders are extremely common, ranging from minor furring of the tongue to extensive inflammation and even malignancy. Tongue disorders can also be a manifestation of systemic disease.

Causes

Furring

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    Gastrointestinal disease

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    Dehydration

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    Smokers

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    Antibiotics

Colour change

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    White patches, e.g. leucoplakia, thrush

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    Pallor (anaemia)

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    Blue (central cyanosis)

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    Red (pernicious anaemia, vitamin deficiency)

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    Black (black hairy tongue)

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    Pigmented (Addison’s disease)

Swelling (macroglossia)

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    Down’s syndrome

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    Trauma, e.g. hot liquids, corrosive substances

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    Myxoedema

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    Allergy

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    Infiltration, e.g. amyloid, lymphoma

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    Congenital hypothyroidism

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    Acromegaly

Glossitis

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    Smoking

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    Spices

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    Spirits

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    Sepsis

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    Sharp teeth

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    Geographic tongue

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    Syphilis (tertiary syphilis)

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    Scarlet fever

Ulceration

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    Aphthous ulcer

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    Dental trauma

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    Carcinoma ( Fig. 58 )

    Figure 58, Ulcerating squamous cell carcinoma on the lateral margin of the tongue .

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    Chancre

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    Gumma

Wasting

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    Bulbar palsy

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    Hypoglossal nerve palsy

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    Motor neuron disease

Other

  • ●

    Burning mouth syndrome

  • ●

    Oral Lichen planus

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    Sjogren’s syndrome

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