Lesions of the toes are extremely common. They are caused by a variety of conditions ranging from simple ingrowing toenails to severe pain and ulceration caused by ischaemia. Deformities of the toes are also exceptionally common, particularly in the elderly.

Causes

Toenails

  • Ingrowing toenail ( Fig. 57 )

    Figure 57, Ingrowing toenails of both great toes .

  • Subungual haematoma

  • Warts/verrucas

  • Subungual melanoma

  • Subungual exostosis

  • Onychogryphosis

  • Onychomycosis

Deformities

  • Hallux valgus

  • Hallux rigidus

  • Hammer, claw or mallet toe

Ulcers

Ischaemic

Large vessel disease

  • Atherosclerosis

  • Embolism

Small vessel disease

  • Diabetes

  • Raynaud’s

  • Buerger’s

  • Vasculitis (e.g. scleroderma, SLE, rheumatoid)

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