Respiratory alkalosis is a common disorder in critically ill patients. It occurs when carbon dioxide is lost via excessive pulmonary ventilation (↑ pH, ↓ p CO 2 ). Compensatory mechanisms are:

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    ↓ HCO 3 − by bicarbonate buffer system

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    ↑ H + by kidneys (slow process – may take several days).

Causes (any cause of hyperventilation)

Central nervous system

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    Pyrexia

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    Pain

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    Anxiety

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    Hysteria

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    Head injury

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    Stroke

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    Encephalitis

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