Palpitation is an awareness of the heartbeat. Although benign in the vast majority, palpitations are occasionally a manifestation of a life-threatening disorder.

Causes

Sinus tachycardia

  • Anxiety/emotional stress

  • Caffeine

  • Nicotine

  • Alcohol

  • Infection

  • Hyperthyroidism

  • Electrolyte disturbances

Cardiac arrhythmia

  • Premature ventricular contractions (ventricular ectopic beats) *

  • Premature atrial contractions (atrial ectopic beats) *

  • Atrial fibrillation * ( Fig. 47 )

    Figure 47, ECG of atrial fibrillation .

  • Supraventricular tachycardia (AVRT, AVNRT)

  • Ventricular tachycardia (long QT syndrome)

* Indicates causes that tend to present as irregular palpitations.

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