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Additional Learning Resources For Chapter 4, Abdomen , can be Found on the Accompanying Ebook: ▪ Self-Assessment — National Board style multiple-choice questions, Chapter 4 ▪ Short Questions — these are questions requiring short responses, Chapter 4 ▪ Clinical Cases Aorto-iliac occlusive disease Colon cancer Intussusception Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm Chronic thrombosis of the inferior vena cava Liver biopsy in patients with suspected…

Additional Learning Resources For Chapter 3, Thorax , can be Found on the Accompanying Ebook: ▪ Self-Assessment (scored) — National Board style multiple-choice questions, Chapter 3 ▪ Short Questions (not scored) — these are questions requiring short responses, Chapter 3 ▪ Clinical Cases Cardiac tamponade Patent ductus arteriosus Subclavian steal syndrome Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm Cervical rib Lung cancer Chest wound Myocardial infarction Broken pacemaker Coarctation…

Additional Learning Resources for Chapter 2, Back , Can Be Found On The Accompanying Ebook: ▪ Self-Assessment—National Board style multiple-choice questions, Chapter 2 ▪ Short Questions—these are questions requiring short responses, Chapter 2 ▪ PT Case Studies Low back instability Stenosis Herniated nucleus pulposus Atlanto-occipital dysfunction Atlanto-axial dysfunction Mid-cervical dysfunction Cauda equina syndrome Cervical degenerative joint disease Cervical radiculopathy ▪ Clinical Cases Ankylosing spondylitis Atlas fracture…

Additional Learning Resources for Chapter 1, The Body , can be Found on the Accompanying Ebook: ▪ Short Questions—These are questions requiring short responses, Chapter 1 ▪ Clinical Case Appendicitis What is anatomy? Anatomy includes those structures that can be seen grossly (without the aid of magnification) and microscopically (with the aid of magnification). Typically, when used by itself, the term anatomy tends to mean gross…

Surface anatomy with bones Bones of the skull Skull: anterior view Skull: lateral view Skull: posterior view Skull: superior view and roof Skull: inferior view Skull: cranial cavity Ethmoid, lacrimal bone, inferior concha, and vomer Maxilla and palatine bone Skull: muscle attachments Scalp and meninges Dural partitions Dural arteries and nerves Dural venous sinuses Brain Brain: imaging Cranial nerves Arterial supply to brain Cutaneous distribution of…

Surface anatomy Bones of the upper limb Bony framework of shoulder Scapula Clavicle: joints and ligaments Proximal humerus Glenohumeral joint Muscle attachments Pectoral region Deep pectoral region Walls of the axilla The four rotator cuff muscles Deep vessels and nerves of the shoulder Axillary artery Brachial artery Brachial plexus Medial and lateral cords Posterior cord Distal end of humerus and proximal end of radius and ulna…

Surface anatomy Bones of the lower limb Pelvic bones and sacrum Articulated pelvis Proximal femur Hip joint Hip joint: structure and arterial supply Gluteal region: attachments and superficial musculature Gluteal region: superficial and deep muscles Gluteal region: arteries and nerves Distal femur and proximal tibia and fibula Thigh: muscle attachments Thigh: anterior superficial musculature Thigh: posterior superficial musculature Thigh: anterior compartment muscles Thigh: medial compartment muscles…

Surface anatomy and articulated pelvis in men Surface anatomy and articulated pelvis in women Pelvic girdle Pelvic girdle: imaging Lumbosacral joint Sacro-iliac joint Pelvic inlet and outlet Orientation of pelvic girdle and pelvic brim Pelvic viscera and perineum in men Pelvic viscera and perineum in men: imaging Pelvic viscera and perineum in women Pelvic viscera and perineum in women: imaging Lateral wall of pelvic cavity Floor…

Surface anatomy Quadrants and regions Abdominal wall Muscles Muscles: rectus sheath Vessels of the abdominal wall Arteries and lymphatics of the abdominal wall Nerves of the abdominal wall Dermatomes and cutaneous nerves Inguinal region Inguinal canal in men Inguinal canal in women Inguinal hernias Anterior abdominal wall Greater omentum Abdominal viscera Peritoneal cavity Abdominal sagittal section You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for…

Surface anatomy with bones Bony framework Ribs Articulations Breast Pectoral region Thoracic wall muscles Diaphragm Arteries of the thoracic wall Veins of the thoracic wall Nerves of the thoracic wall Lymphatics of the thoracic wall Intercostal nerves and arteries Pleural cavities and mediastinum Parietal pleura Surface projections of pleural recesses Right lung Left lung You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access…

Surface anatomy Vertebral column Regional vertebrae Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Intervertebral foramina and discs You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Anatomical position, terms, and planes Anatomical planes and imaging Surface anatomy: anterior view Surface anatomy: posterior view Skeleton: anterior You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

General organization The nervous system allows us both to detect and respond to our external environment and to monitor and control our viscera. The brain and spinal cord are central in position and are wired to the rest of the body by peripheral nerves. The nervous system can be separated into parts based on function and on structure: □ functionally, it can be divided into somatic…

General organization The lymphatic system is a network of thin-walled vessels throughout the body that collect fluid lost from the capillary beds during nutrient exchange and return it to large veins in the root of the neck. This fluid also contains cell products, cell debris, cells of the lymphocytic system, and pathogens. Located along the lymphatic vessels are lymph nodes that function as part of the…

General organization Parts of the urinary and reproductive (genital) systems are closely related developmentally, so the two systems are often discussed together. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. In women, major parts of the reproductive (genital) system are the ovaries, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, and breasts. In men, the reproductive system consists of the testes, epididymides, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate,…

General organization The gastrointestinal system can be separated into the upper gastrointestinal tract, consisting of the oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, and esophagus, and the lower gastrointestinal tract, consisting of the abdominal organs. Oral cavity The oral cavity is inferior to the nasal cavities ( Fig. 3.1A ) and is the beginning of the upper intestinal tract. It has a roof and floor and lateral walls, opens…

General organization The respiratory system can be divided into the upper airway (consisting of the nose and nasal cavity), pharynx, and lower airway (consisting of the larynx, trachea, and lungs). Nose and nasal cavity The two nasal cavities are the uppermost parts of the respiratory tract and contain the olfactory receptors. They are elongated wedge-shaped spaces with a large inferior base and a narrow superior apex…

General organization The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, which pumps blood throughout the body, and the blood vessels, which are a closed network of tubes that transport the blood. There are three types of blood vessels: ▪ Arteries—which transport blood away from the heart; ▪ Veins—which transport blood toward the heart; ▪ Capillaries—which connect the arteries and veins, are the smallest of the blood vessels,…

Part I: Nervous system overview The nervous system is structurally divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) ( eFig. 9.1 ). Components of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord, which are enclosed by the cranial cavity and vertebral column. PNS structures include cranial nerves (CNs), spinal nerves, autonomic nerves, and the enteric nervous system. Development During the third week…

ADDITIONAL LEARNING RESOURCES for Chapter 8, Head and Neck, can be Found on the Accompanying Ebook: Conceptual overview General Description The head and neck are anatomically complex areas of the body. Head Major compartments The head is composed of a series of compartments, which are formed by bone and soft tissues. They are: ▪ the cranial cavity, ▪ two ears, ▪ two orbits, ▪ two nasal…