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Biloma

KEY FACTS Terminology Encapsulated collection of bile outside biliary tree You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Hepatic Cyst

KEY FACTS Terminology Benign, congenital or developmental, fluid-filled space with wall derived from biliary endothelium You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Hepatic Cirrhosis

KEY FACTS Terminology Common end response of liver to variety of insults, injuries, regeneration, and progressive fibrosis You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Liver

GROSS ANATOMY Overview Liver: Largest gland and largest internal organ (average weight: 1,500 g) Functions – Processes all nutrients (except fats) absorbed from gastrointestinal (GI) tract; conveyed via portal vein – Stores glycogen, secretes bile Relations – Anterior and superior surfaces smooth and convex – Posterior and inferior surfaces indented by colon, stomach, right kidney, duodenum, inferior vena cava (IVC), and gallbladder Covered by peritoneum except…

Vasculogenesis

Introduction The traditional concept of vasculogenesis in cancer maintains that malignant tumors prefer aerobic metabolism for growth. This theory posits that after continued proliferation, the tumor will “outgrow” its arterial vascular supply; as the resulting hypoxia ensues, the tumor will become dormant. The traditional vasculogenesis theory therefore states that tumors will reinitiate growth only after arteriogenesis occurs, allowing adequate blood flow to restore normoxia. Unfortunately, tumor…

Image-Guided Ablation of Parenchymal Organs

Introduction Image-guided tumor ablation is a minimally invasive strategy to treat a range of focal tumors by inducing irreversible cellular injury through the application of thermal and more recently nonthermal energy or chemical injection. This approach is being used to treat a range of focal tumors, most commonly primary and secondary malignancies of the liver, lung, kidney, adrenal glands, and bone. Specific advantages of percutaneous tumor…

Computed Tomography-Guided Drainage

With developments in cross-sectional imaging, there have been major advances in technical materials enabling interventional radiologists to perform procedures previously considered impossible. Before computed tomography (CT), percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD) was occasionally performed when abscesses were so large they could be palpated, visible on fluoroscopy by displacement of bowel, or superficially located and visible by ultrasound (US). Since the first CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and drainage procedure,…

Image-Guided Aspirations and Biopsies

The use of image-guided interventional procedures has become ubiquitous in every hospital in the world. Although diagnostic imaging has improved the diagnosis of many disease processes and facilitated the implementation of patient treatment, interventional procedures have truly revolutionized the treatment paradigm. The treatment process can be initiated only after a definitive diagnosis is confirmed and the biopsy procedures provide the obligatory histopathologic diagnosis. With reported experience…