KEY FACTS Terminology Congenital anomaly in which kidneys are fused at their lower poles in midline You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Aberrant location of kidney Separated into multiple categories, of which simple renal ectopia (RE) and crossed-fused ectopia (CFE) are most common You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Definition Defect or line representing incomplete embryologic fusion of 2 primary renal lobes: Upper and lower poles of kidney Synonyms Junctional parenchymal defect Interrenuncular septum You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Hypertrophic band of normal cortical tissue that separates pyramids of renal medulla You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
GROSS ANATOMY Ureters Muscular tubes (25-30 cm long) that carry urine from kidneys to bladder Course In abdomen, retroperitoneal location – Proximal ureters lie in perirenal space – Mid ureters lie over psoas muscles slightly medial to tips of L2-L5 transverse process In pelvis, lie anterior to sacroiliac joints crossing common iliac artery bifurcation near pelvic brim – Lie anterior to internal iliac vessels and course…
GROSS ANATOMY Overview Kidneys are paired, bean-shaped, retroperitoneal organs Function – Removal of excess water, salts, and wastes of protein metabolism from blood – Regulation of water and electrolyte balance – Secretion of hormones that control blood pressure, bone and blood production Anatomic Relationships Located in retroperitoneum, within perirenal space, surrounded by renal fascia (of Gerota) Each adult kidney is ~ 9-14 cm in length, 5…
KEY FACTS You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Imaging No universal consensus on splenomegaly (SMG) cut off due to variability in normal adult spleen size SMG is diagnosed when length > 13 cm; additional measurements of thickness > 5 cm or width > 8 cm may also be used Splenic index (product of length, thickness, and width): Normally 120-480 cm³; SMG considered index > 500 cm³ Color Doppler Portal hypertension: Dilated splenic…
GROSS ANATOMY Overview Intraperitoneal lymphatic organ located posterior to stomach and intimately associated with retroperitoneum (pancreatic tail and left kidney) Surrounded by peritoneum (except at hilum) and suspended by several ligaments Gastrosplenic ligament – Left anterior margin of lesser sac – Connects spleen to greater curvature of stomach – Carries short gastrics and left gastroepiploic arteries and venous branches to spleen Splenorenal ligament – Left posterior…
KEY FACTS Terminology Epithelial tumor of exocrine pancreas with low-grade malignant potential and solid and cystic features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Historically known as islet cell or carcinoid tumors You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Solid epithelial neoplasm from ductal epithelium of exocrine pancreas You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: Mucin-producing cystic tumor arising from main &/or branch pancreatic ducts with low malignant potential Previously called: Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor, duct ectatic mucinous cystadenoma, mucinous hypersecretory neoplasm, mucin-producing tumor Cystic neoplasm of pancreas arising from mucin-producing epithelium of main pancreatic duct (MPD) &/or side branch pancreatic ducts (SBD) with variable malignant potential You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical…
KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm, microcystic adenoma of pancreas You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Mucinous cystic neoplasm, macrocystic cystadenoma/carcinoma, mucinous cystadenoma/carcinoma Septated cystic neoplasm composed of mucin-producing epithelium and distinctive ovarian-type stroma, ranging in grade from potentially malignant to invasive carcinoma You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Progressive, irreversible inflammatory and fibrosing disease You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Collection of pancreatic fluid and inflammatory exudate encapsulated by nonepithelial fibrous tissue developing > 4 weeks after acute pancreatic fluid collection You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Acute inflammatory process of pancreas with variable involvement of other local tissues and remote organs Interstitial edematous pancreatitis, necrotizing pancreatitis Acute pancreatic fluid collection ± infection Acute necrotic collection ± infection You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here