KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: von Recklinghausen disease, peripheral neurofibromatosis Mesodermal dysplasia with neurofibromas (NFs), spinal deformity, neoplastic and nonneoplastic brain lesions, and cutaneous stigmata Imaging Kyphoscoliosis ± multiple nerve root tumors, plexiform NF, dural ectasia/lateral meningocele Tumors range from tiny to very large Top Differential Diagnoses Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2, central neurofibromatosis) Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Congenital hypertrophic polyradiculoneuropathies Pathology Autosomal dominant Characteristic lesion is plexiform…

KEY FACTS Terminology Lateral thoracic meningocele, lateral lumbar meningocele Imaging CSF-filled dural/arachnoidal sac protrudes laterally through neural foramen Pedicular erosion, foraminal enlargement, dural dysplasia Bilateral meningoceles: Consider neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Marfan syndrome Top Differential Diagnoses Nerve sheath tumor Radicular (meningeal) cyst Foregut duplication cyst Pathology Etiology secondary to primary meningeal dysplasia Strong association with NF1 (85%) Less common with Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan syndromes Occasionally isolated finding…

KEY FACTS Terminology Corticated oval or round ossicle (os) at odontoid process tip You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Spinal enterogenous cyst, spinal enteric cyst, spinal dorsal enteric cyst You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Split cord malformation (SCM), “diastem” You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Segmentation anomaly, segmentation and fusion anomaly, “block vertebra” You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Vertebral dysplasia, segmentation and fusion anomaly, “disorganized spine” Partial or complete failure of vertebral formation You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) Congenital spinal malformation characterized by segmentation failure of ≥ 2 cervical vertebrae ± thoracic, lumbar segmentation failure You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Congenital sacral tumor containing elements of all 3 germ layers You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Spinal extradural arachnoid cyst (AC) located within sacrum, caudal to thecal sac termination Sacral meningeal cyst, type IB meningeal cyst Synonym: Occult intrasacral meningocele You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Anterior sacral meningocele (ASM) Sacral meninges herniate anteriorly into pelvis through focal erosion or hypogenesis of sacral ± coccygeal vertebral segments You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonym: Terminal syringocele You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Caudal regression syndrome, sacral agenesis, lumbosacral hypogenesis You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Segmental spinal dysgenesis (SSD), caudal regression syndrome (CRS) You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Tethered cord syndrome, tight filum terminale syndrome You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Benign nonneoplastic spinal mass embryologically derived from epidermal (skin) elements You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Dermoid tumor, “dermoid” Benign spinal mass composed of cells embryologically comprising skin and its appendages You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonym: Sacral dimple You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS Terminology Synonyms: Dermal sinus tract (DST) Midline/paramedian stratified squamous epithelial-lined sinus tract Extends inward from skin surface for variable distance You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

KEY FACTS You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here