Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a photosensitive dermatosis mainly found in children. It is rare in Europe and the United States, and more common in Asia and South America. It is one of the group of diseases…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus, H. capsulatum, of which there are two varieties that are pathogenic to humans. The most common variety worldwide is H. capsulatum var. capsulatum , which is…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic relapsing skin disease, characterized by recurring flares of inflamed painful nodules, abscesses, tunnels, and scarring involving apocrine-bearing skin. Pain and suppuration cause considerable morbidity. The disease is associated with comorbidities…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) produces the clinical syndrome herpes zoster (shingles), which manifests as a unilateral eruption along a single dermatome and is usually preceded by prodromal pain and paresthesia. The eruption lasts…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Herpes labialis (also known as ‘cold sores’) is characterized by recurrent vesicular eruptions primarily on the lips and perioral skin. The condition is contagious, can cause significant discomfort/pain, and can have an adverse effect on quality…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Herpes genitalis (genital herpes) is a recurrent vesicular eruption of the skin and mucosa arising in the region between the navel, thighs, and buttocks. It is a common sexually transmitted disease, usually preceded by prodromal symptoms…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports From Lebwohl, MG. Atlas of the Skin and Systemic Disease Atlas of the Skin and Systemic Disease.© Churchill Livingstone 1995. Open full size image Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT; or Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome) is an autosomal dominant disease, producing a syndrome of…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by debilitating, disfiguring, and potentially fatal attacks of edema. There are three types of HAE: type I HAE (HAE-1) and type II HAE (HAE-2), the most common…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Hemangiomas are a neoplastic proliferation of endothelial cells that are generally benign but have been associated with local tissue damage, functional impact, and ulceration. The true incidence is unknown but is reported as approximately 5% in…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image The hands and feet are essential tools in daily activities. The bipedal gait and manual activity of homo sapiens result in high exposure of these areas to numerous allergens and irritants. The palmar and plantar skin…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD; benign familial pemphigus) is a rare genodermatosis first described by the Hailey brothers in 1939. It is characterized by recurrent flares of vesicles, painful blistering, erosions, and weeping plaques, particularly involving the flexural…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Granulomatous cheilitis is characterized by chronic, painless swelling of one or both lips, with histologic evidence of non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Granulomatous cheilitis exists along the spectrum of orofacial granulomatosis, which encompasses localized disease (cheilitis granulomatous, Miescher…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Granuloma inguinale, or donovanosis, is an infection causing granulomatous and destructive ulceration of genital, inguinal, and perineal skin. Cervical lesions are rare but may clinically mimic carcinoma. Extragenital lesions occur in about 6% of cases. This…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Granuloma faciale is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory dermatosis caused by a localized form of cutaneous vasculitis. It presents primarily in middle-aged Caucasian males, usually as an asymptomatic single lesion on the face. Extensive involvement of…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Granuloma annulare (GA) is an inflammatory cutaneous disease thought to be driven by immune mechanisms. Previous studies have suggested that some variants of GA represent delayed-type (type IV) hypersensitivity reactions to an unknown variety of antigenic…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most significant source of morbidity and mortality among survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, occurring in 30%–70% of transplant recipients. Affecting the skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs, it…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Gonorrhea is a common and potentially severe sexually transmitted disease caused by the Gram-negative aerobic diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoeae . This organism primarily infects the mucous membranes of the urethra, endocervix, rectum, and pharynx. The disease can…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Management Strategy In its classical clinical presentation, Gianotti–Crosti syndrome (GCS) is not difficult to diagnose with a presentation of a young child with symmetrical, erythematous, monomorphic papules, or vesicles, on the distal extensor extremities, and sometimes…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Geographic tongue is a reactive mucosal inflammatory condition characterized by arcuate or annular alternating hypertrophic or atrophic filiform papillae producing a geographic pattern. Synonyms include benign migratory glossitis and glossitis areata migrans . Geographic tongue may…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Furunculosis, commonly referred to as boils , is a deep infection of the pilosebaceous unit. Lesions may occur on any hair-bearing surface, including the nares. Coalescing multiple lesions (carbuncles) are usually very tender and may have…