Physical Address

304 North Cardinal St.
Dorchester Center, MA 02124

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS)

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a rare autosomal dominantly-inherited autoinflammatory disease characterized by urticarial rashes, conjunctivitis, fever, fatigue, articular involvement, and inflammation, which may be triggered by cold exposure in some patients. It encompasses a spectrum…

COVID-19 dermatoses

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image COVID-19 Related Rashes In Adults Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease first appeared in China in December 2019 and has since…

Condyloma acuminata

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Arising from infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), predominantly types 6 and 11, anogenital warts (AGWs) are the most commonly diagnosed viral sexually transmitted infection. Annual AGW incidence is 1%–2%. Out of over 200 types of HPV,…

Coccidioidomycosis

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Courtesy Julio Salas-Alanís, Instituto Dermatologico de Jalisco, Mexico Open full size image Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic systemic mycosis caused by inhalation of dimorphic fungi of the genus Coccidioides ( C. immitis and C. posadasii ). It is endemic in desert…

Chronic actinic dermatitis

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is a chronic dermatitis mainly involving photoexposed sites, which is associated with objective evidence of abnormal photosensitivity. The photosensitivity is usually broadband although predominantly involving the ultraviolet B (UVB) waveband and often…

Chromoblastomycosis

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues prevalent in tropical and subtropical climates including Central and South America, Africa, Asia (highest incidence in Japan), and Oceania (first described in Australia), with cases…

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis chronicus

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Chondrodermatitis is a benign condition; the chief indication for treatment is pain causing sleep disturbance. Asymptomatic areas of chondrodermatitis do not require active intervention. The use of a pressure-relieving sponge or cushion can provide a good…

Chilblains

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Chilblains (synonyms: perniosis, pernio) are localized, inflammatory lesions that are caused by exposure to cold, damp, non-freezing conditions. The pathogenesis is unknown, but chilblains are thought to represent an abnormal inflammatory response of vascular origin (vasospasm)…

Chancroid

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Chancroid is an ulcerative disease of the skin caused by the Gram-negative, facultative, anaerobic coccobacillus Haemophilus ducreyi . Chancroid is typically considered a sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease; however, it is increasingly identified as a cause…

Cellulitis and erysipelas

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Cellulitis is an infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue thought to occur after pathogen entry into the dermis through breaks in the skin. In erysipelas, superficial infection gives rise to an edematous, palpable, well-demarcated,…

Cellulite

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Cellulite consists of surface relief alterations with depressed and raised areas, located mainly on the thighs and buttocks but also on other areas. Depressed lesions are due to the presence of fibrous septa that pull the…

Cat scratch disease

Acknowledgments The authors thank Bryan A. Selkin and George J. Murakawa for writing the previous version of this chapter. Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a benign, usually self-limited disease caused by Bartonella henselae (formerly Rochalimaea henselae…

Capillaritis (pigmented purpuric dermatoses, purpura pigmentosa)

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Capillaritis (a generic term for the various pigmented purpuric dermatoses) presents with the common feature of orange-red macules with peripheral purpuric spots resembling grains of cayenne pepper. As they progress, the macules partially coalesce and acquire…

Calciphylaxis

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports From Weenig RH. Pathogenesis of calciphylaxis: Hans Selye to nuclear factor kappa-B. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58(3): 458–471. Open full size image Calciphylaxis (or calcific uremic arteriolopathy) is a life-threatening condition, which most often occurs in patients with end-stage…

Calcinosis cutis

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Calcinosis cutis is a rare disease of aberrant calcium deposition in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. There are five major types: Idiopathic: occurs without tissue injury or metabolic defect (e.g., idiopathic scrotal calcinosis) Dystrophic: (most common…

Burning mouth syndrome (glossodynia)

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a rare, chronic, debilitating disease characterized by intraoral burning in the absence of systemic disease or identifiable abnormalities on physical examination and laboratory testing. Current evidence suggests that altered neurophysiology…

Bullous pemphigoid

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disorder. The diagnosis is based on the combination of clinical, histopathological, and immunopathological findings. Currently, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) from perilesional skin (typically showing linear n-serrated deposits of…

Bowen disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Introduction Bowen disease (in situ squamous cell carcinoma [in situ SCC]) and erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) are forms of intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, with the latter located on the penis. Lesions typically present as well-demarcated, erythematous,…

Body dysmorphic disorder (dermatologic non-disease): Synonyms: Dermatologic non-disease, Body dysmorphic disease, Dysmorphophobia

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an alteration in perception of body image that causes preoccupation with minimal or imagined defect in appearance. The preoccupation can be markedly excessive, causing clinically significant emotional distress and impairment in…

Blistering distal dactylitis

Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Courtesy of Joseph Bikowski, MD Open full size image Blistering distal dactylitis (BDD) is a superficial, tender, blistering infection seen in childhood and the early teens. It is usually caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococci, although group B organisms, staphylococci,…