D efinition — Metastatic carcinoid, usually from the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical Features Epidemiology The majority of metastatic carcinoids are of distal ileal origin. Have a wide age range, but most will be postmenopausal. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A monodermal teratoma composed of both struma (thyroid) and a trabecular carcinoid. Clinical Features Epidemiology Strumal carcinoids are rare tumors with bidirectional differentiation, resulting in both thyroid and neuroendocrine differentiation. Seen over a wide age range, from the third to the eighth decades. Sixty percent are associated with dermoid cysts or solid teratomas. Always unilateral. Contralateral cystic teratoma in 10% to 15% of…

D efinition — Malignant teratomatous thyroid tissue (carcinoma). Clinical Features Epidemiology Association with mature cystic teratomas and struma ovarii. Mean age is approximately 43 years. Approximately 5% of struma are malignant, at least focally. Some estimates are higher and this may depend on the stringency of the criteria for the diagnosis based on nuclear features. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full…

D efinition — A teratoma composed principally of thyroid tissue. Clinical Features Epidemiology Struma ovarii is a monodermal ovarian teratoma predominantly composed of thyroid tissue. Seen most commonly in the fifth decade of life. Virtually always unilateral. Contralateral cystic teratoma in 10% to 15% of cases (we have seen one case of struma with contralateral carcinoid). You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for…

D efinition — Germinal matrix or cerebellar differentiation in a mature teratoma; mimics immature neuroepithelium. Clinical Features Epidemiology Occurs in typical benign cystic teratoma. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A clinical term for increased mucin present within the abdominal cavity, typically associated with a low-grade mucinous tumor of the appendix or gastrointestinal tract. Clinical Features Epidemiology Pseudomyxoma is frequently associated with appendiceal neoplasms; however, occasional cases occur in the absence of a detectable appendiceal tumor. Occasionally a large bowel, pancreatic, or coexisting ovarian mass may be present. You’re Reading a Preview Become…

D efinition — Ovarian spread from remote nongynecologic epithelial neoplasms. Clinical Features Epidemiology Sixty to eighty percent of metastatic tumors are nonmüllerian, including stomach (6% to 14%); colon (7% to 12%); breast (9% to 32%); and rarely lung, biliary duct, ileum, and other sites (1% to 2% each). You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership…

D efinition — An early form of clear-cell neoplasia with malignant cytology and the absence of invasion. Clinical Features Epidemiology Clear-cell tumors of this type typically present as adenofibromas that can arise de novo or from within endometriotic cysts. Uncommon tumors comprising less than 1% of epithelial tumors. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership…

D efinition — A malignant, endometriosis-associated epithelial tumor. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon. Distinct gene expression profile. Present in postmenopausal women with a mean age in the 50s. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — An invasive ovarian carcinoma with a transitional growth pattern that contains areas of benign or borderline Brenner tumor. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare. Can present at a range of ages, but the mean age is in the 60s. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A benign ovarian tumor composed of cells resembling transitional epithelium of the urinary tract. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon but seen periodically in practice. Brenner tumors may represent up to 5% of benign epithelial tumors of the ovary. Present in a wide range of patients, from 30 to 70 years of age. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access…

D efinition —A morphologic spectrum of tumors arising in endometriosis and displaying a müllerian (rather than intestinal) phenotype. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare, reports limited to small series. Associated with borderline neoplasia usually serous or mucinous. Most present in the fourth and fifth decades. Considered a derivation of endometrioid differentiation (endometriotic cysts). Presentation Unilateral or bilateral. Parvilocular or multilocular. The appearance is often that of an endometrioid…

D efinition — Noninvasive epithelial and stromal tumors with an atypical endometrioid epithelial component. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon but not exceedingly rare; less than 200 reported cases but most pathologists will encounter at some point in their practice. Similar to other endometrioid tumors, patients are typically at the end of their reproductive period or postmenopausal. The average age at diagnosis is in the mid-50s. At least…

D efinition — A benign epithelial and stromal tumor with an endometrioid epithelial component. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare; these lesions represent less than 1% of all benign ovarian tumors. Most common in postmenopausal patients or women in their late reproductive years. Average age at presentation is in the mid-50s. May be associated with endometriosis. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access…

D efinition — An adenocarcinoma typically derived from endometriosis and displaying well to moderate differentiation. Clinical Features Epidemiology Approximately 40% of low-stage tumors are associated with endometriosis. Those with endometriosis tend to be younger than those without. Approximately 5% associated with Lynch syndrome. Associated with PTEN and ARID1 mutations. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become…

D efinition — Marked intramucosal atypia in a borderline mucinous tumor of the ovary. Clinical Features Epidemiology The second most common epithelial tumor of the ovary and 12% to 15% of ovarian tumors. Approximately 10% of mucinous tumors are borderline. The average age is in the sixth decade, but borderline tumors can be encountered over a wide age range. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical…

D efinition — An atypical proliferative mucinous tumor with intestinal differentiation, without stromal invasion or intraepithelial carcinoma. Clinical Features Epidemiology The second most common epithelial tumor of the ovary and 12% to 15% of ovarian tumors. Approximately 10% of mucinous tumors are borderline. The average age is in the sixth decade, but borderline tumors can be encountered over a wide age range. You’re Reading a Preview…

D efinition — Mucinous tumors containing nodular foci in the cyst wall of altered mesenchymal and/or epithelial differentiation. Clinical Features Epidemiology Extremely uncommon; tendency toward women in the fifth and sixth decades. Associated with both borderline and malignant mucinous tumors. Etiology is unclear; however, one recent paper noted different codon 12 k-ras mutations in a mucinous tumor and its mural nodule, suggesting that both may have…