D efinition — A malignant small cell ovarian tumor with features of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas. Clinical Features Epidemiology Mean age of 48 years, which is over 20 years older than the small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type (SCCHT). Not associated with mutations in the SMARCA4 gene. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you…

D efinition — A malignant rhabdoid tumor associated with hypercalcemia and mutations and inactivation in the SMARCA4 gene. Clinical Features Epidemiology Presents between childhood and menopause, predominating in the late teens and early twenties. Rarely familial, but kindreds with mutations in the SMARCA4 gene have recently been described. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership…

D efinition — Variant of sex cord–stromal tumor of the ovary. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon; accounts for less than 2% of all sex cord–stromal tumors. Predominant in the second and third decades. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A benign steroid-producing tumor of the ovary seen in pregnancy. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare. History of multiple pregnancies is common. More common in black women. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A benign, steroid-producing tumor of the ovary. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare overall, but accounts for about one fourth of ovarian steroid cell tumors. Occurs in women in their 50s and 60s, as with all ovarian steroid cell tumors. Most patients are postmenopausal. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are…

D efinition — A steroid cell tumor of the ovary arising in hilus cells and characterized by the presence of crystalloids of Reinke. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon overall, but represents about one fifth of all ovarian steroid cell tumors. Patient age has a wide range, but the mean age at presentation is in the mid-50s. Most patients are in their sixth or seventh decade. You’re Reading…

PITFALL D efinition — A sex cord stromal tumor with testicular epithelial (Sertoli) and interstitial (Leydig) cell differentiation and a retiform architecture. Clinical Features Epidemiology These are rare variants of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), comprising less than 1:2000 ovarian neoplasms. Comprised about 10% of SLCTs in the study by Young and Scully. Usually seen in younger individuals (teenagers). You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree…

D efinition — A sex cord–stromal tumor with testicular epithelial (Sertoli) and interstitial (Leydig) cell differentiation. Clinical Features Epidemiology These are rare tumors, comprising 1 : 2000 ovarian neoplasms. Usually seen in the second to fourth decades of life, but can occur after menopause. Well-differentiated tumor occurs in the 30s, whereas retiform variants are seen in teenagers. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full…

PITFALL D efinition — A sex cord–stromal tumor seen in the first decades of life that closely resembles the developing follicle. Clinical Features Epidemiology Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) comprise less than 2% of ovarian tumors. Juvenile GCTs comprise less than 10% of all GCTs. Accounts for only 10% of ovarian tumors in patients younger than age 20. Nearly all (more than 95%) occur before age 30,…

PITFALL D efinition — Diagnostically challenging variant patterns include those with nuclear atypia, cystic architecture, thecoma-like, luteinized, and sertoliform. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon. The granulosa cell tumor (GCT) comprises less than 2% of ovarian tumors. Over 90% will be adult type (versus juvenile GCT). Perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. Mean age at presentation is in the mid-50s. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for…

D efinition — An ovarian steroid-producing sex cord–stromal tumor composed of cells resembling the granulosa cells of the developing follicle. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon. Perimenopausal or postmenopausal women. Mean age at presentation is in the mid-50s. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A rare, potentially fatal process of thickening of the peritoneum/mesentery that has been rarely associated with luteinized thecomas. Clinical Features Epidemiology Sclerosing peritonitis is an uncommon entity that occurs most commonly in the seventh decade of life. There is no gender predilection, and cases have been associated with prior abdominal surgery or trauma; seen historically in association with dialysis and transplantation and in…

D efinition —A benign ovarian fibroma with nests or cords of sex cord elements. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A benign ovarian stromal tumor composed of cells resembling ovarian stroma with variable theca cell differentiation. Clinical Features Epidemiology Fibromas are common, typically solitary, and found most commonly after menopause. Pure thecomas are rare and account for less than 1% of all ovarian tumors. Multiple fibromas can be encountered in Gorlin's syndrome, specifically in younger women. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical…

D efinition — A malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary with two or more germ cell elements. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare; represents less than 5% of all ovarian germ cell tumors. Most cases arise in patients in their teens or twenties. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log…

D efinition — A malignant germ cell tumor recapitulating fetal somatic differentiation. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare, comprising less than 1% of all germ cell tumors but third most common malignant germ cell tumor in young women. Mean age of 19 years; 75% are under age 35. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you…

D efinition — A malignant, primitive germ cell tumor of the ovary with embryonic differentiation. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare; represents less than 5% of all malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Most cases arise in patients in their teens or twenties with a median age in the mid-teens. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If…

D efinition —A malignant germ cell tumor with endodermal sinus or vitelline differentiation. Clinical Features Epidemiology The majority of patients are in their teens or twenties, although cases commonly occur in the first and fourth decades of life as well. The mean age is 19 years. Yolk sac tumors are the second most common malignant germ cell tumor (dysgerminoma is the most common) but are relatively…

D efinition — A malignant, primitive germ cell tumor of the ovary that is the counterpart to testicular seminoma. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare; represents only 1% of all ovarian germ cell tumors but is the most common malignant germ cell tumor. Most cases arise in women in their teens or twenties with a mean age of 19 years. The most common malignant germ cell tumor identified…

D efinition — A malignant tumor of somatic tissues arising from an element of mature teratoma. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare, occurring in 1% of mature cystic teratomas. Approximately 90% are epithelial, 80% of which are squamous carcinomas. Mean age is approximately 20 years older than that of benign teratomas. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become…