PITFALL D efinition — Choriocarcinoma occurring concurrently with a normal pregnancy. Clinical Features Epidemiology Intraplacental choriocarcinoma is exceedingly rare. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A trophoblastic malignancy composed of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts, intermediate trophoblasts of both. Clinical Features Epidemiology At least half of choriocarcinomas follow a molar pregnancy, but only 2% to 3% of complete moles are followed by a diagnosis of choriocarcinoma. The remainder of choriocarcinomas follow a spontaneous abortion (25%), a normal gestation (20%), or an ectopic pregnancy (2.5%). Rare cases occurring more than a…

PITFALL D efinition — An abnormally large placenta characterized by striking, cystically dilated stem villi, stromal overgrowth, and hypervascularity. Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare; case reports only. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — Gestational trophoblastic disease in which the conceptus contains a triploid (3n) amount of genetic material (typically 1n maternal and 2n paternal). Clinical Features Epidemiology Partial moles are 10 times more common than complete moles. The risk factors for partial molar pregnancy are the same as for complete molar pregnancy and include age greater than 40 and less than 20, Asian descent, low socioeconomic…

D efinition —A complete mole that invades into the underlying myometrium. Clinical Features Epidemiology Is defined as an uncommon sequel to complete mole, occurring in less than 5% of complete moles. Increased incidence has been noted in women of Asian descent. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in…

PITFALL D efinition — An abnormal gestation in which all of the genetic material is paternally derived. Clinical Features Epidemiology Molar pregnancies have a biphasic age distribution, with increased incidence at the reproductive extremes: before age 20 and after age 40. Increased incidence has also been noted in women of Asian descent. Other risk factors include low socioeconomic status, prior molar pregnancies, and nulliparity. Presentation In…

D efinition — Implantation of the embryo that occurs outside the uterine cavity or in an abnormal location within the uterus. Clinical Features Epidemiology Ectopic pregnancies account for around 2% of all documented pregnancies in the United States. Ectopic pregnancy is associated with prior manipulation of the fallopian tube, infertility, and prior ectopic pregnancies. Ninety-five percent occur in the tube, 2.5% in the cornu, and the…

D efinition — Unavoidable loss of viability in the first 12 weeks. Clinical Features Epidemiology Approximately one third of clinically known pregnancies terminate in the first 12 weeks. Forty to fifty percent have a chromosomal anomaly. Twenty percent have trisomy aneuploidies, and 6% are triploid. The risk of a chromosomal abnormality increases with multiple losses. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full…

D efinition — A collection of extravillous trophoblasts within hyalinized stroma, indicative of a previous pregnancy. Clinical Features Epidemiology Implantation site nodules are common and typically have the same immunophenotype as epithelioid trophoblasts seen in the membranes, maternal surface, and intervillous fibrin. Can be identified in endometrial samples months to years following intrauterine pregnancies. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access…

PITFALL D efinition — The area adjacent to the gestational sac where intermediate trophoblasts and fibrinoid can be found permeating the decidua. Clinical Features Epidemiology Normal structure. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — The membranous sac that envelops the developing embryo. Clinical Features Epidemiology The gestational sac can be identified in the majority of samples from previable pregnancies. The gestational sac confirms an intrauterine pregnancy, even in cases in which embryonic tissue cannot be identified. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are…

D efinition — Malignancy comprised of mesothelial cells. Clinical Features Epidemiology Malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon neoplasm that most often is found involving the pleura. Cases have been described within the abdomen; however, the majority of these cases have been described in men. The majority of cases occur later in life, between the sixth and ninth decades. Asbestos exposure is a risk factor for the development…

D efinition — A benign, reactive condition consisting of hyperplastic mesothelial cells seen in association with acute and chronic irritation of the peritoneal surface. Clinical Features Epidemiology Papillary mesothelial hyperplasia is often found in cases of pelvic inflammatory disease, tubo-ovarian abscess, and upper genital tract tumors. Occasional cases may be associated with cardiac, renal, and hepatic insufficiency as well. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical…

D efinition — A well-differentiated tumor of mesothelial cells. Clinical Features Epidemiology An uncommon neoplasm occurring in women between 20 and 50 years of age. Some but not all have evidence of asbestos exposure. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

D efinition — A rare benign disease consisting of multiloculated mesothelial-lined cysts in the peritoneum. Also termed “multiloculated peritoneal cyst.” Clinical Features Epidemiology Rare. Reproductive-age women. History of a prior abdominal procedure or surgery is often noted. Controversy as to whether this is a neoplasm or reactive process. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership…

D efinition — A rare, predominantly intraabdominal tumor associated with a specific chromosomal translocation (t11;22)(p13:q12) that produces a fusion transcript EWS Clinical Features Epidemiology Extremely rare, particularly in women. Typically seen in children and young adults. Specific cell of origin is unknown, but a primitive progenitor cell is suggested by some. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited…

D efinition — A rare, poorly differentiated embryonal neuroectodermal tumor sometimes associated with a teratoma that mimics the central type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Clinical Features Epidemiology Extremely rare in the ovary. Belongs in the Ewing's family of tumors Ovarian tumors arise from neural tissue and are analogous to the “central” PNETs as opposed to the peripheral PNETs that contain a unique t(11:22)(q24;q12) translocation specific…

D efinition — Ovarian involvement is a rare metastatic presentation of this tumor. Clinical Features Epidemiology Most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Driven by oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA mutations. Most common is an in-frame mutation of exon 11 in the c-KIT gene. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a…

D efinition — An uncommon spindled mesenchymal neoplasm of variable behavior with a NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene arising in the submesothelial mesenchyme. Clinical Features Epidemiology Uncommon; originally described in pleura, but now reported in multiple soft tissue sites including the pelvis. Afflicts adults over a wide age range. Usually benign; 10% to 20% are malignant. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access…

D efinition — A sex cord stromal tumor with annular tubules and features of both granulosa and Sertoli cell tumors. Clinical Features Epidemiology These are rare tumors, comprising about 6% of sex cord stromal tumors and less than 1% of ovarian tumors. One third of cases are associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited…