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Prostatic carcinoma, mucinous variant

Definition The diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is established only when extracellular mucin is secreted in sufficient quantity to result in pools of mucin (i.e., colloid-like carcinoma) involving more than 25% of the tumor volume on radical prostatectomy. Small foci of mucinous prostatic adenocarcinoma can be seen in prostate core biopsies and in TURs; however, the tumor would not specifically be classified as the…

Prostatic carcinoma, pseudohyperplastic variant

Definition A histologic variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma that resembles benign glandular hyperplasia due to their large-caliber glands with papillary infoldings and occasional presence of corpora amylacea, graded as Gleason 3+3, grade group 1. Clinical features Epidemiology Affects adult men of older age groups. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member.…

Prostatic carcinoma, foamy gland variant

Definition A morphologically distinct variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma characterized by abundant foamy cytoplasm. Clinical features Epidemiology Uncommon Mean age, 65 years, similar to usual-type prostatic adenocarcinoma You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Prostatic carcinoma, atrophic variant

Definition The variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma with cancer glands having a scant volume of cytoplasm, which can be mistaken for atrophy or postatrophic hyperplasia. Clinical features Epidemiology Two percent incidence in needle core cases, 16% incidence in radical prostatectomy specimens Mixed with usual-type prostatic adenocarcinoma and comprises 16%–25% of the total tumor volume on average (range: 10%–90% in needle biopsies, 1%–70% in prostatectomies) You’re Reading a…

Prostatic carcinoma, usual variant

Definition Acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland is the second most frequently diagnosed form of cancer in the United States. The National Cancer Institute estimates that almost 249,000 new cases will develop in 2021. Clinical features Epidemiology Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in developing countries. Multiple genetic and environmental factors are involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Age, family history, and…

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate

Definition The vast majority of cases represent the spread of prostatic adenocarcinoma into benign prostatic ducts or acini but can rarely be a precursor lesion associated with an aggressive behavior. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN)

Definition Proliferation of secretory epithelial cells displaying significant architectural and cytologic atypia within the pre-existing acini and ducts Categorized into low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (LGPIN) and high-grade (HGPIN) types Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Prostatic infarct

Definition Area of ischemic stromal and glandular tissue damage typically associated with BPH Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia

Definition Benign, small acinar proliferation of the prostatic glands that occurs exclusively in the verumontanum and adjacent prostatic urethra. A potential mimic of prostate adenocarcinoma. Clinical features Epidemiology Older patients (age 47–87) Incidental finding in 14% of radical prostatectomy specimens in men 47–87 years of age Rarely encountered in needle biopsy specimens Unlikely to be present in TUR prostate specimens as the verumontanum is avoided during…

Neuroendocrine cells involving the prostate

Definition Neuroendocrine cells of the prostate are intraepithelial regulatory cells that regulate both growth and differentiation, as well as the exocrine secretory activity of the prostate (part of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation [APUD] system of endocrine-paracrine cells). These cells are rich in serotonin-containing granules and can secrete a variety of peptide hormones. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access…

Mucin cell metaplasia

Definition Replacement of the normal secretory epithelium of the prostatic ducts and acini with goblet cells. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Squamous metaplasia

Definition Replacement of the normal cuboidal/columnar secretory epithelium of the prostatic ducts and acini with benign squamous epithelium. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Urothelial metaplasia

Definition Replacement of the benign cuboidal to columnar secretory epithelium of the prostatic acini and distal ducts with benign urothelium. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Basal cell hyperplasia

Definition Proliferation of basal cells ranging from focal incomplete involvement of the prostatic glands to florid growth completely lacking luminal cells. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Hyperplasia of mesonephric remnants

Definition Rare benign lesion characterized by tubular or acinar proliferation of mesonephric remnants Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Clear cell cribriform hyperplasia

Definition A form of benign prostatic hyperplasia characterized by proliferation of benign glands with cribriform architecture, typically in the transition zone of the prostate. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Sclerosing adenosis

Definition A benign lesion of the prostate characterized by a biphasic population of small-sized glands and a cellular and/or hyalinized spindled cell stroma, the former of which can show myoepithelial differentiation (i.e., a metaplastic process). Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Adenosis

Definition Adenosis of the prostate is a pseudoneoplastic lesion, usually in the transition zone, that can mimic prostate adenocarcinoma and consists of a proliferation of crowded glands, arranged in a nodule but without significant cytologic atypia. A synonym is atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a…

Partial atrophy

Definition A benign lesion of the prostate composed of pale glands lined by epithelial cells with dense to vesicular crinkled nuclei and a scant amount of pale to clear cytoplasm, with the nuclei often touching the apical cytoplasmic borders. It is one of the commonest benign mimics of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Clinical features Epidemiology Affects adult men of older age groups. You’re Reading a Preview Become a…

Postatrophy hyperplasia

Definition Morphologically distinct subtype of focal atrophy Also known as post atrophic hyperplasia Clinical features Epidemiology Present in a minority of prostatic needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens Typically occurs in the elderly; uncommon in young men You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here