Definition Benign urothelial neoplasm with a predominant endophytic pattern of growth Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Benign exophytic urothelial neoplasm characterized by simple, usually nonbranching papillary fronds lined by normal-appearing urothelium Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Flat urothelial lesion of the surface urothelium that is composed of cytologically malignant high-grade cells. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Presence of distinct cytological and architectural atypia in flat urothelium falling short of the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition A descriptive category rarely used to describe flat urothelial lesions in which the pathologist is uncertain whether changes are reactive or neoplastic Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Morphological changes in urothelial cells, predominantly nuclear, seen in response to a stimulus Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Markedly thickened urothelium with no or minimal cytologic atypia and no true papillary formation Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Benign prostatic glands forming a polypoid or papillary mass within the bladder Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Outpouching of the urothelial mucosa through the muscular wall of the bladder Due to weakness of muscularis propria May be acquired or congenital Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Urachal anomalies result from failure of the urachus to regress completely. Anomalies include patent urachus, umbilical urachal sinus, vesicourachal sinus/diverticulum, and urachal cyst. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Malformation in which there is lack of complete closure of the anterior abdominal wall and urinary bladder due to early perforation of an abnormal cloacal membrane Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Uncommon benign proliferation of Müllerian endocervical-type glands in the bladder wall, especially within the bundles of muscularis propria, or at other sites of the genitourinary tract Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Ectopic endometrial tissue consisting of endometrial-type glands, with or without accompanying endometrial stroma, within the bladder wall Clinical features Epidemiology Constitutes 1%–2% of endometriotic lesions in women Affects adult women in the reproductive age group, often with a history of prior pelvic surgery Can be found in postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy Vanishingly rare in men, but reported in men treated with estrogen for prostate…
Definition Hemorrhagic inflammation of the bladder resulting from systemic chemotherapeutic agents or intravesical instillation of chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Radiation cystitis is characterized by a bladder lesion caused by irradiation of a pelvic organ for urothelial or nonurothelial malignancies. These lesions are dose- and time-dependent, and their spectrum can range from an inflammatory response to complete bladder retraction. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log…
Definition Granulomatous inflammation following intravesical therapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for in situ and high-grade urothelial carcinoma Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Relatively uncommon lesion caused by defects in phagocytic or degradative functions of histiocytes in response to bacteria (gram-negative coliforms) Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Infectious disease of urinary bladder caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites) Clinical features Epidemiology Bacterial cystitis Most common cause of cystitis Much more common in women due to short urethra, drier periurethral environment and lack of antibacterial substances that are present in prostatic fluid in men Predisposing conditions: Structural abnormalities of genitourinary tract (exstrophy, urethral malformations, fistulae with other organs, diverticuli, etc.), vesicle…
Definition Inflammatory condition of the bladder that can be idiopathic but is also associated with a variety of systemic triggers, such as food allergens, systemic allergic conditions like asthma or allergic gastroenteritis, topical insults with chemicals, parasites, systemic drugs, local trauma, and prior transurethral resection or catheterization Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become…
Definition Clinical pelvic pain syndrome characterized by bladder pain, urinary urgency, or both, glomerulations or Hunner ulcers visualized at cystoscopy with hydrodistention, and absence of other pathologies (diagnosis of exclusion) Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here