1 Head and Neck Study Guide 1.1 Topographic Surface Anatomy Study Aims At the end of your study, you should be able to: Identify the key landmarks in the midline of the neck and their significance State the structures that are situated at the level of C6 Outline the boundaries of the triangles of the neck Describe the landmarks for palpation of the main arteries, which…
Section 1 Introduction Plates 1–21 Plate 1 Body Planes and Terms of Relationship This plate summarizes anatomical planes of study and terms of anatomical relationship. Note that in these images, the subject is always in a consistent anatomical position, with the head and toes directed anteriorly and the arms lateral to the trunk with the palms facing anteriorly. The left image shows three key anatomical planes of study:…
Surface Anatomy 491‒494 Hip, Buttock, and Thigh 495‒515 Knee 516‒523 Leg 524‒534 Ankle and Foot 535‒549 Nerves 550‒554 Regional Imaging 555‒556 Structures with High Clinical Significance Tables 8.1‒8.2 Nerves of Lumbosacral Plexus Tables 8.3‒8.4 Muscles Tables 8.5‒8.8 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 103‒BP 112 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 103 Arteries of Knee and Foot BP 104 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Hip: Axial View BP 105 Arteries of Thigh…
Surface Anatomy 422‒426 Shoulder and Axilla 427‒439 Arm 440‒445 Elbow and Forearm 446‒461 Wrist and Hand 462‒481 Nerves and Vasculature 482‒489 Regional Imaging 490 Structures with High Clinical Significance Tables 7.1‒7.2 Nerves of Brachial Plexus Tables 7.3‒7.4 Muscles Tables 7.5‒7.8 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 96‒BP 102 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 96 Arteries of Arm and Proximal Forearm BP 97 Arteries of Forearm and Hand BP 98…
Surface Anatomy 352 Bony Pelvis 353‒357 Pelvic Diaphragm and Viscera 358‒368 Urinary Bladder 369‒371 Female Internal Genitalia 372‒376 Female Perineum and External Genitalia 377‒380 Male Perineum and External Genitalia 381‒388 Homologies of Male and Female Genitalia 389‒390 Male Internal Genitalia 391‒392 Rectum and Anal Canal 393‒399 Vasculature 400‒410 Nerves of Perineum and Pelvic Viscera 411‒419 Cross-Sectional Anatomy 420‒421 Structures with High Clinical Significance Tables 6.1‒6.3 Muscles…
Surface Anatomy 267 Abdominal Wall 268‒287 Peritoneal Cavity 288‒293 Stomach and Intestines 294‒301 Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, and Spleen 302‒307 Visceral Vasculature 308‒318 Visceral Nerves and Plexuses 319‒329 Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands 330‒343 Lymphatics 344 Regional Imaging 345‒346 Cross-Sectional Anatomy 347‒351 Structures with High Clinical Significance Tables 5.1‒5.3 Muscles Table 5.4 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 53‒BP 83 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 53 Inguinal and Femoral Regions BP…
Surface Anatomy 202 Thoracic Skeleton 203‒204 Mammary Glands 205‒208 Thoracic Wall and Diaphragm 209‒216 Lungs, Trachea, and Bronchi 217‒230 Heart 231‒250 Mediastinum 251‒261 Cross-Sectional Anatomy 262‒266 Structures with High Clinical Significance Tables 4.1‒4.3 Muscles Table 4.4 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 41‒BP 52 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 41 Cervical Ribs and Related Variations BP 42 Muscle Attachments of Ribs BP 43 Muscles of Respiration BP 44 Intrapulmonary…
Surface Anatomy 178 Vertebral Column 179–185 Spinal Cord 186–194 Muscles and Nerves 195–199 Cross-Sectional Anatomy 200–201 Structures with High Clinical Significance Table 3.1 Muscles Tables 3.2–3.4 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 33–BP 40 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 33 Ligaments of Vertebral Column BP 34 Cervical Spine: Radiographs BP 35 Cervical Spine: MRI and Radiograph BP 36 Thoracolumbar Spine: Lateral Radiograph BP 37 Lumbar Vertebrae: Radiographs BP 38…
Surface Anatomy 22‒24 Bones and Joints 25‒47 Neck 48‒58 Nose 59‒82 Mouth 83‒90 Pharynx 91‒102 Larynx and Endocrine Glands 103‒109 Eye 110‒120 Ear 121‒126 Brain and Meninges 127‒142 Cranial and Cervical Nerves 143‒162 Cerebral Vasculature 163‒175 Regional Imaging 176‒177 Structures with High Clinical Significance Tables 2.1–2.4 Cranial Nerves Tables 2.5–2.8 Branches of Cervical Plexus Table 2.9 Muscles Tables 2.10–2.14 Electronic Bonus Plates BP 14–BP 32 Electronic…
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Thorax 1. a) T; b) T; c) T; d) F; e) F 2. a) F; b) T; c) T: d) T; e) T 3. a) T; b) F; c) T; d) T; e) F 4. a) T; b) T; c) T; d) T; e) T 5. a) T; b) F; c) T; d) F; e) T 6. a) F; b) T; c) T; d) F; e)…
Introduction The back consists of the vertebrae, the intervertebral joints and ligaments, and the muscles that clothe their posterior and lateral aspects ( Fig. 8.1 ). The vertebral column encloses the spinal cord and its meninges. The vertebral column comprises vertebrae, which are classified regionally as: cervical (7); thoracic (12); lumbar (5); sacral (5 vertebrae fused to form the sacrum); and coccygeal (3–5) ( Fig. 8.5…
Introduction The bones of the head and neck include the skull, the mandible and the cervical vertebrae ( Fig. 7.1 ). The skull (cranium) comprises the neurocranium, which contains the brain and meninges, and the bones of the face (viscerocranium), attached to the anterior aspect of the neurocranium and clothed by soft tissues. The facial bones enclose the orbits, the nose and paranasal air sinuses, and…
Introduction The lower limb supports the body during standing and locomotion. The hip (coxal) bone ( Fig. 6.1 ) provides attachment for muscles of the buttock and thigh, which link the limb to the trunk. The hip joint, between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur, is multiaxial and provides versatility of movement. The femur ( Fig. 6.1 ) is surrounded…
Introduction The pelvic cavity is in direct continuity with the abdominal cavity. It extends downwards and backwards within the confines of the bony pelvis as far as the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm), inferior to which lies the perineum. Some anatomists and surgeons refer to the false pelvis or greater pelvis (below the iliac crests but above the pelvic inlet) and the true pelvis or lesser pelvis…
Introduction The abdomen is separated from the thorax above by the diaphragm, and below is continuous with the pelvis at the pelvic inlet. Passing through the diaphragm are the aorta, oesophagus and inferior vena cava. Because the diaphragm is strongly convex upwards, the upper abdominal organs lie deep to the lower ribs and costal cartilages. The pelvic inlet is an arbitrary plane sloping downwards and forwards,…
Introduction The upper limb (extremity) comprises several bones and their joints ( Fig. 3.1 ), clothed by soft tissues. For descriptive purposes, the limb is divided into regions ( Fig. 3.2 ), each enveloped by fascia and containing muscles with nerve and vascular supplies. The scapula with its associated muscles and soft tissues comprise the scapular region, the muscles attaching between the front of the chest…
Introduction The thorax is the region of the trunk that includes the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs and thoracic vertebrae, together with the structures they enclose. Superiorly, the thorax is limited by the upper surfaces of the first ribs and their costal cartilages, the manubrium of the sternum and the first thoracic vertebra. The space bounded by these structures is the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) (…
Terms of Position and Movement To avoid ambiguity and confusion, anatomical terms of position and movement are defined according to an internationally accepted convention. This convention defines the anatomical position as one in which the human body stands erect with the feet together and the face, eyes and palms of the hands directed forwards ( Fig. 1.1 ). With the subject in the anatomical position, three…
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