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Stem-Cell Therapy in Fistulizing Perianal Crohn’s Disease

List of Abbreviations 6-MP 6-mercaptopurine ASC Adipose-derived stem cells CD Crohn's disease CDAI The Crohn's Disease Activity Index CI Confidence interval IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IFN Interferon IL Interleukin MSC Mesenchymal stem cells OR Odds ratio PDAI The Perianal Disease Activity Index PRP Platelet-rich plasma SC Stem cell TNF Tumor necrosis factor Introduction Crohn's disease (CD) is one of the important disorders that compose the inflammatory…

Endoscopic Evaluation and Management of Perianal Crohn’s Disease

List of Abbreviations CT Computed tomography ECCO European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation EUA Exam under anesthesia EUS Endoscopic ultrasound MRI Magnetic resonance imaging TNF Tumor necrosis factor Introduction Perianal disease is one of the most disabling aspects of Crohn's disease. It affects 17%–43% of the patients, especially those with proctitis. Perianal Crohn's disease affects both the pelvic floor muscles as well as the gastrointestinal tract. The…

Endoscopic Therapy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Related Fistula, Sinus, and Abscess

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn's disease CDAI The Crohn's disease activity index CT Computed tomography EBD Endoscopic balloon dilation ECF Enterocutaneous fistula EEF Enteroenteric fistula EUA Examination under anesthesia EUS Endoscopic ultrasound GI Gastrointestinal IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IL Interleukin IPAA Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis IQR Interquartile range MRI Magnetic resonance tomography NK Needle knife NKFi Needle-knife fistulotomy NKSi Needle-knife sinusotomy OR Operating room OTSC Over-the-scope clip…

Endoscopic Stent Treatment for Crohn’s Disease

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn's disease EBD Endoscopic balloon dilation FCEMS Fully covered self-expanding metal stent IBD Inflammatory bowel disease PCSEMS Partially covered self-expanding metal stent SEMS Self-expandable metal stent Introduction Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder that can be classified as stricturing, penetrating and non-stricturing, non-penetrating behavior based on the Montreal Classification. A stricture is an abnormal area of narrowing in the intestinal lumen…

Endoscopic Stricturotomy

List of Abbreviations APC Argon plasma coagulation CD Crohn's disease EBD Endoscopic balloon dilation EMR Endoscopic mucosal resection ES Endoscopic stricturotomy ESD Endoscopic submucosal dissection GI Gastrointestinal IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IPAA Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis IT Isolated tip NK Needle knife NSAID Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs PVF Pouch-vaginal fistula RVF Rectal vaginal fistula TT Triangle tip UC Ulcerative colitis Introduction Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are…

Endoscopic Balloon Dilation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Strictures

List of Abbreviations ASGE The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy CARD15 Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 CD Crohn's disease CRE Controlled radial expansion CTE Computed tomography enterography EBD Endoscopic balloon dilation ECF Enterocutaneous fistula ECM Extracellular matrix EEF Enteroenteric fistula ELS Electrolyte solution ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography EUA Examination under anesthesia GI Gastrointestinal GGE Gastrografin enema IBD Inflammatory bowel disease ICA Ileocolonic anastomosis ICR Ileocolonic resection…

Endoscopic Evaluation of Surgically Altered Bowel in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

List of Abbreviations BAE Balloon-assisted enteroscopy BCIR Barnett continent intestinal reservoir CAN Colitis-associated neoplasia CD Crohn's disease CT Computed tomography CTE Computed tomography enterography EBD Endoscopic balloon dilation FAP Familial adenomatous polyposis IBD Inflammatory bowel diseases ICA Ileocolonic anastomosis ICR Ileocolonic resection IPAA Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis IRA Ileorectal anastomosis ISA Ileosigmoid anastomosis MRI Magnetic resonance imaging MRE Magnetic resonance enterography PEG Polyethylene glycol TTS Through-the-scope UC…

Preparation of Endoscopic Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

List of Abbreviations ASGE The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy CD Crohn's disease CTE Computed tomography enterography ECF Entero-cutaneous fistula ELS Electrolyte solution ESD Endoscopic submucosal dissection EUA Examination under anesthesia GI Gastrointestinal GGE Gastrografin enema IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IPAA Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis MAC Monitored anesthesia care MRE Magnetic resonance enterography NSAID Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug OTSC Over-the-scope-clip PAC Procedure-associated complications PEG Polyethylene glycol PSC Primary…

Principles of Endoscopic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

List of Abbreviations ACCA Anti-chitobioside ALCA Anti-laminaribioside AMCA Anti-mannobioside AMSC Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells Anti-OmpC Anti-outer membrane porin C ASGE The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy CAN Colitis-associated neoplasia CARD15 Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 CD Crohn's disease CRE Controlled radial expansion CTE Computed tomography enterography EBD Endoscopic balloon dilation ECF Entero-cutaneous fistula ECM Extracellular matrix EEF Entero-enteric fistula ELS Electrolyte solution EMR Endoscopic mucosal resection…

Classification of Crohn’s Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery-Related Fistulae

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn's disease CTE Computed tomography enterography ECF Enterocutaneous fistula EEF Enteroenteric fistula EUA Examination under anesthesia EUS Endoscopic ultrasound MRE Magnetic resonance enterography RVF Rectovaginal fistula Introduction Fistulae occur in 14%–50% of all patients with Crohn's disease (CD). In a population-based study from Olmsted County, Minnesota, 35% of CD patients had at least one fistula. Perianal fistulae comprise at least half of…

Classification of Strictures From Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease–Related Surgery

List of Abbreviations CAN Colitis-associated neoplasia CD Crohn's disease CT Computed tomography CTE Computerized tomography enterography EBD Endoscopic balloon dilation ES Endoscopic stricturotomy IBD Inflammatory bowel disease ICA Ileocolonic anastomosis ICR Ileocolonic resection ICV Ileocecal valve IPAA Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis IRA Ileorectal anastomosis ISA Ileosigmoid anastomosis MRE Magnetic resonance enterography NSAIDs Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs TNF Tumor necrosis factor UC Ulcerative colitis US Ultrasound Introduction Crohn's disease…

Role of Abdominal Imaging in the Diagnosis of IBD Strictures, Fistulas, and Postoperative Complications

List of Abbreviations ADC Apparent diffusion coefficient CD Crohn’s disease CDMI The Crohn’s Disease MRI Index CEUS Contrast enhanced ultrasonography CTE Computed tomography enterography DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging ECCO The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation ESGAR The European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology EUS Endoanal ultrasound HASTE Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IV Intravenous MaRIA The Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity MIP…

Clinical and Endoscopic Diagnosis of IBD-Related Stricture, Fistula, and Abscess

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn's disease CDAI Crohn's Disease Activity Index CT Computed tomography ECF Enterocutaneous fistula EEF Enteroenteric fistula EGD Esophagogastroduodenoscopy EUS Endoscopic ultrasonography GI Gastrointestinal IPAA Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis MRI Magnetic resonance imaging NSAID Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs OCT Optical coherence tomography PVF Pouch-vaginal fistula RVF Rectal vaginal fistula TNF Tumor necrosis factor UC Ulcerative colitis US Ultrasonography VCE Video capsule endoscopy Introduction Natural history…

Overview of Histopathology of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease CK Cytokeratin CMV Cytomegalovirus CRC Colorectal cancer CTLA4 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 CVID Common variable immune deficiency DAC Diverticular disease-associated colitis GI Gastrointestinal HGD High-grade dysplasia IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IHC Immunohistochemistry IPAA Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis LGD Low-grade dysplasia MMF Mycophenolate mofetil N:C Nucleus-to-cytoplasm NSAID Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug SRUS Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome SSP/A Sessile serrated polyp/adenoma UC Ulcerative…

Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease–Associated Fistula and Abscess

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn's disease DKK-1 Dickkopf-homolog-1 EMT Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition IL Interleukin MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases TGF Transforming growth factor TNF Tumor necrosis factor Introduction Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) frequently suffer from fistula and abscess that can result from adverse sequelae of persistent complicated active disease or surgical intervention. Spontaneous fistulas associated with active disease including perianal, enteroenteric and enterocutaneous fistulas ranges from 17% to…

Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease- and Ulcerative Colitis-Related Strictures

List of Abbreviations ASCA Anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody CD Crohn’s disease DR3 Death domain receptor 3 ECM Extracellular matrix EMT Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IFN Interferon IL Interleukin MMP Matrix metalloproteinase NOD2/CARD15 Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2/caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 SMIT1 Soluble latent membrane-type 1 TGF Transforming growth factor TIMPs Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TL1A TNF-like ligand 1A TNBS Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid TNF Tumor…

Classification and Reclassification of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Clinical Perspective

List of Abbreviations AimD Autoimmune disorder AinD Autoinflammatory disorder ASC Adipose-derived stem cells ASCT Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation CARP Chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis CD Crohn's disease EIM Extraintestinal manifestation FDA The Food and Drug Administration FMF Familial Mediterranean fever FMT Fecal microbiota transplantation G-CSF Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor GI Gastrointestinal GVHD Graft-versus-host disease GWAS Genome-wide association studies IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IBD-U Inflammatory bowel disease–unclassified IBD-V Inflammatory bowel…

Overview of Diagnosis and Medical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

List of Abbreviations 6MP 6-mercaptopurine ADA Adalimumab ASCA Anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody AZA Azathioprine CD Crohn's disease CDAI The Crohn's Disease Activity Index CDEIS Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity CMV Cytomegalovirus CRP C-reactive protein CT Computed tomography DAI Disease Activity Index EIM Extra-intestinal manifestations ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate GI Gastrointestinal GWAS Genome-wide association studies IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IBS Irritable bowel syndrome IFX Infliximab ITB…