Gout

Overall incidence: 0.05% in the USA population

Most common inflammatory joint disease among men

Associated with nephropathy, most commonly nephrolithiasis (10–40% of pts)

Also associated with CV disease, specifically an increased risk of myocardial infarction, but also including heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral vascular disease

Metabolic syndrome

Hypertension

Chronic renal dysfunction

Medication toxicity and side effects

Comorbid conditions associated with chronic hyperuricemia

Tophi or gouty joint location considerations

Disorder of purine metabolism resulting in urate crystal deposition in and around the joints due to long-standing hyperuricemia

Largely due to inefficient renal urate excretion