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Foot and ankle deformities


The deformity will often be apparent at birth but occasionally does not present until the child starts walking. A deformity of the foot and ankle is normally referred to as ‘talipes’. Other terms may qualify the word talipes, e.g. varus (inverted heel), valgus (everted heel) and equinus (foot plantar-flexed). Deformities of the toes are dealt with under toe lesions (p. 426).

Causes

Congenital

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    Talipes congenital talipes equinovarus (congenital clubfoot)

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    Metatarsus adductus (intoeing)

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    Pes planus (flatfoot)

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    Pes cavus (high-arch foot)

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      Idiopathic

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      Neuropathic

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      Spastic dysplasia

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      Spina bifida (including spinda bifida occulta)

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      Cerebral palsy

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      Poliomyelitis

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      Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy)

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      Friedreich’s ataxia

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    Acquired talipes equinovarus (causes listed below)

Upper motor neurone lesion

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    Cerebrovascular accident

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    Traumatic brain injury

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    Spastic paresis

Lower motor neurone lesion

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    Spina bifida

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    Poliomyelitis

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    Meningitis

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    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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    Cerebellar lesions

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    Friedreich’s ataxia

Muscular disease

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    Muscular dystrophy

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    Volkmann’s ischaemic contracture

Trauma

  • ●

    Fractures

  • ●

    Burns

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