1 What is the incidence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder? Bladder cancer accounts for about 5% of all new cancers in the United States. The American Cancer Society’s estimates for bladder cancer in the United States are…
1 How common is renal cell carcinoma (RCC)? All solid renal masses and cystic lesions with solid components are suspicious for RCC, which affects approximately 65,000 new patients each year and has a 5-year mortality rate of 35%. 2 What…
1 What is the likelihood that someone in the United States will have a kidney stone in their lifetime? Approximately 1 in 11 people will have at least one kidney stone in their lifetime. 2 Are people with kidney stones…
1 What is priapism? A prolonged erection lasting for more than 4 hours, beyond or unrelated to sexual activity or stimulation. 2 Why is priapism an emergency? Prolonged ischemia to the penis results in corporal body fibrosis and future erectile…
1 Which human organ transplant was performed first, the heart or the lung? Although heart transplantation has progressed more rapidly, the first human lung transplant preceded the first heart transplant. 2 Who performed the first human lung transplant? When? James…
1 What are the indications for ventricular assist device (VAD)? Bridge to transplant: Patients are in need of and are eligible for transplant, but their clinical course is such that they will not survive until a donor organ is available.…
1 What is the gold standard therapy for end-stage heart disease? Heart transplantation remains the gold standard therapy for end-stage heart failure. The most common technique is to place the heart in its anatomical or orthotopic position. Ventricular assist devices…
1 When was the first successful kidney transplant performed? In 1954, Dr. Joseph Murray successfully transplanted a kidney between identical twins at the Brigham Hospital in Boston. 2 What are the most common causes for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in…
1 When and where was the first liver transplant performed? Dr. Thomas Starzl performed the first liver transplant at the University of Colorado in Denver in March of 1963. Early results were dismal but laid the foundation for the future…
1 What are branchial cleft anomalies? They can occur as cysts, sinuses, and fistulas found in the head and neck related to incomplete obliteration of the first, second, third, or fourth (extremely rare) branchial clefts during early fetal development. Cysts…