Historical perspective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of exacerbations and remissions with variable course and prognosis. There were no criteria to classify SLE before the early 1970s, and no standardized method to evaluate disease activity, flares, or remissions…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multisystemic autoimmune disease characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, overabundant immunological and laboratory abnormalities, and a variable course and outcome. Descriptive, observational and experimental studies, and a few population-based ones…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Any idiot can prescribe antibiotics to treat an ear infection, but that’s not what makes you a good physician. Dr Levana Sinai in Vital Conversations: Improving Communications Between Doctors and Patients Health care providers are usually good at keeping up…
History of clinical observations The clinical history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is interesting and torturous. It took more than 150 years for clinicians to describe the characteristics of all involved organs. The detailed histories of SLE from Hippocrates to Osler…
Acknowledgment We thank Dott Antonina Minniti for her help in preparing the manuscript. The introduction of biological treatments that target leukocytes and their cytokine products has led to a major change in the management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, among them…
In the past decade, the treatment of autoimmune diseases [such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn disease] has fundamentally changed with the introduction of targeted therapies. On the contrary, the treatment of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and especially the eye and…
1 Therapeutic Potential for B-Cell Modulation in Sjögren’s Syndrome Critical dysregulated immune pathways, including the key role of B cells as well as the ectopic lymphoneogenesis, are involved in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) pathogenesis. B cells may provide a critical…
1 Current Outcome Measures in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome 1.1 Symptoms Evaluation of the three main symptoms of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS): dryness, pain, and fatigue, is pivotal, because these concerns are shared by all patients with pSS, in contrast to…