Introduction A wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites can infect the liver. The liver can be the primary organ of infection (as seen with viral hepatitis), or the liver can be secondarily involved as part of a systemic…
Introduction Imaging plays a central role in the initial assessment and serial monitoring of chronic pediatric liver disease. While liver biopsy remains the accepted gold standard test for diffuse parenchymal liver disease, a single biopsy specimen only samples 1/50,000 or…
Cholelithiasis and Choledocholithiasis Overview. Cholelithiasis, previously thought rare in children without hemolytic anemia, is diagnosed with increasing frequency since the increased ultrasound use. Gallstones have been reported in the fetus, although most resolve spontaneously. Development of gallstones in infants may…
Introduction Hepatorenal fibrocystic disorders are a group of associated congenital anomalies of the liver and kidney caused by malformation of the embryonic ductal plates formed by bipotential progenitor hepatoblasts surrounding portal venous ramifications ( Fig. 87.1 ). They include choledochal…
Peritoneal Cavity Overview. The peritoneum is a thin serosal membrane of mesodermal origin that comprises a single layer of mesothelial cells resting on a basement membrane. It is divided into visceral and parietal components, and the space between the two…
Overview Fetal abdominal abnormalities evaluated on prenatal imaging can be grouped into one of several general categories: obstructions, ventral wall defects, echogenic bowel and peritoneal abnormalities, and finally masses and solid organ abnormalities. In circumstances when ultrasound (US) cannot accurately…
Abdominal Wall and Peritoneal Cavity During the third week of gestation, the intraembryonic mesoderm differentiates, forming the lateral plates. Mesoderm from paravertebral myotomes invades the lateral plates during the sixth week. The leading edges of the lateral plates will differentiate…
This chapter reviews acquired diseases of the thoracic aorta, venae cavae, pulmonary arteries, and pulmonary veins seen in childhood. Acquired pediatric aortic disease is uncommon, but radiologists and imagers play an important role in the care of these patients. Pulmonary…
Numerous systemic diseases can affect the heart and great vessels and are important causes of cardiac dysfunction. These systemic diseases include both prenatal and postnatal toxic and infectious exposures ( e-Fig. 81.1 ); adverse effects of therapeutic agents; and various…
Primary cardiac tumors are rare in children, with a reported prevalence of up to 0.32%. Use of echocardiography has resulted in more frequent detection of cardiac tumors in the fetus and neonate. More than 90% of pediatric cardiac tumors are…