The urinary system and the genital system are closely associated embryologically and begin to develop during the fourth week of gestation. Both develop from the intermediate mesoderm along the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. A longitudinal elevation of the…
Overview Trauma in children accounts for more than 500,000 hospital admissions and 20,000 deaths per year. After cranial trauma, the abdomen is the second most common site of injury, and approximately 80% of abdominal injuries are due to blunt force…
Tumors and tumor-like conditions affecting the colon in children can be divided into several categories. For the purpose of this chapter, we will discuss benign lymphoid hyperplasia, vascular lesions of the colon, and neoplasms. Several neoplasms arise in patients with…
Overview Intussusception is an acquired invagination of the bowel into itself ( Fig. 107.1 ). The more proximal bowel that invaginates into more distal bowel is termed the intussusceptum , whereas the recipient bowel that contains the intussusceptum is termed…
Colitis encompasses a spectrum of infectious and noninfectious inflammatory conditions. Infectious colitides, with etiologies often overlapping with enteritis (see Chapter 104 ), are typically acute in onset and may be localized as in acute appendicitis. The causative agent may not…
Overview Congenital and neonatal abnormalities of the colon can be divided into those that present in the neonatal period, such as colonic atresia and stenosis, imperforate anus, and functional colonic abnormalities, such as small left colon syndrome and meconium plug.…
The pediatric duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are subject to a range of acquired pathologies. In this chapter, the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of small bowel obstruction (SBO), infectious and noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and intestinal infiltrative and neoplastic…
Acquired duodenal abnormalities can be generalized into conditions that cause obstruction, inflammation, and neoplasia. Abnormalities That Result in Duodenal Obstruction Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Overview. First described at autopsy by von Rokitansky in 1861, the term superior mesenteric artery or…
Part I: Duodenum Congenital anomalies of the duodenum often present with obstructive symptoms and consist of intrinsic obstructing lesions, such as duodenal atresia and stenosis, or extrinsic lesions that affect the duodenum, such as midgut volvulus or Ladd bands, annular…
Overview Acquired disorders of the stomach in children are uncommon and may be the result of an underlying congenital predisposition, such as gastric volvulus; an inflammatory process, such as peptic ulcer disease (PUD); or a neoplastic or neoplastic-like condition. In…