Category Pediatric Imaging

Neuroblastoma

KEY FACTS Terminology Malignant tumor of sympathetic chain primitive neural crest cells Increasing degrees of cellular differentiation/benignity along spectrum: Neuroblastoma (malignant) → ganglioneuroblastoma → ganglioneuroma (benign) Imaging Location Adrenal (35-48%) Extraadrenal retroperitoneum (25-35%) Posterior mediastinum (16-20%) Small round solitary mass…

Renal Stones

KEY FACTS Terminology Definition: Concretion in urinary system Imaging Most stones seen in kidneys & upper urinary tract Range in size from 1-2 mm to > 1 cm NECT most sensitive modality to detect stones Calcified density in urinary system…

Pyelonephritis

KEY FACTS Terminology Acute infection of renal parenchyma; often difficult to clinically distinguish from lower UTI Imaging Imaging work-up of UTI controversial See professional society guidelines With pyelonephritis, marked inflammatory response to renal parenchymal infection causes swelling that alters normal…

Wilms Tumor

KEY FACTS Imaging Ultrasound frequently 1st study performed; CECT & MR better characterize tumor & local extent Large, heterogeneous but predominantly solid hypoechoic (US)/hypoenhancing (CT/MR) renal mass Must carefully evaluate – Adjacent soft tissues for tumor rupture, adenopathy – Renal…