Anatomy The gallbladder is a long oval-shaped organ that is positioned beneath the liver immediately adjacent to the interlobar fissure ( Fig. 2-1 ). The fissure can be a useful landmark for locating small contracted gallbladders or gallbladders that are…
Ultrasonography has long been a valuable method of imaging the body with several distinct advantages over other modalities. One of the most important advantages is its lack of ionizing radiation. Sonography can provide clinically useful information without clinically significant biologic…
How It Works A radioactive isotope (radioisotope) is an unstable form of an element that emits radiation from its nucleus as it decays. Eventually the end product is a stable, nonradioactive isotope of another element. Radioisotopes can be produced artificially…
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Ionizing Radiation in Radiology In the modalities of conventional radiography, CT and fluoroscopy, images are produced using ionizing radiation. Besides producing the image, this radiation can also have harmful effects if used in excess. All health care providers should understand…
Recognizing Adult Heart Disease From the Frontal Chest Radiograph This is a system for diagnosing cardiac disease in adults by asking a series of questions in a set fashion , the answers to which are certain fundamental observations made from…
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Breast imaging is the field of radiology dedicated to the detection and management of breast abnormalities, especially breast cancer. Breast cancer is second only to skin cancer as the most common cancer diagnosed in women and is the second leading…
Interventional radiology (IR), also known as vascular and interventional radiology (VIR), is a medical specialty that utilizes image-guidance (i.e., fluoroscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography [CT], or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) to perform minimally invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Interventional radiologists perform…