Imaging Considerations of the Female Pelvis Imaging of the female pelvis plays a critical role in the diagnosis and evaluation of various gynecologic diseases. Typically ultrasonography (US) is used as first-line evaluation of the female genital organs. The lack of…
Introduction Evaluation of the male pelvis can be performed with several imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (US), depending on the clinical indication and anatomic region of interest. US may be the first study…
Introduction The retroperitoneum is the compartmentalized space located external to and predominantly posterior to the posterior parietal peritoneum. About half a century ago, the retroperitoneum was described as a “veritable jungle of strange things” and as a “hinterland of straggling…
Computed tomography (CT) is a rapid, easily performed, and safe diagnostic imaging technique that provides valuable information about a wide spectrum of renal disorders. CT is highly accurate for determining the nature and extent of renal masses and plays a…
Introduction In 1564, Bartolomeo Eustachius (1520-1574) was the first anatomist to give a detailed description of the adrenal glands, which he depicted in a series of drawings on copper plates. However, the function of the adrenal glands remained a mystery…
Since the introduction of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) technology, the number of patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT studies has steadily increased. In addition the patient population subjected to CT is becoming progressively older with more comorbid conditions. The benefits of contrast-enhanced…
Anatomy The rectum and anal canal form the terminal part of the intestine. The rectum varies in length from 10 to 15 cm and extends from the rectosigmoid junction at the level of the S3 sacral vertebra to the anorectal line.…
Esophagus Normal Anatomy The esophagus extends from the pharynx to the cardia of the stomach. It is 20 to 25 cm in length and distends up to 30 mm wide but is collapsed at rest. It may be divided into three parts:…
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have proven useful for the diagnosis of many peritoneal and mesenteric problems. Even in the absence of a primary peritoneal problem, many secondary signs that add valuable insights about other disorders may…
The spleen is well evaluated with current cross-sectional imaging modalities. The primary imaging technique continues to be computed tomography (CT), although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become important for lesion characterization. Ultrasonography is also used frequently, although there may be…