Although most primary pulmonary tumors are carcinomas, a large histologic spectrum of benign and malignant tumors of the lung exist. This chapter reviews the more common neoplasms according to the classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) ( Box…
Although many lung disorders can be diagnosed from the plain chest radiograph, its limitations in providing a definitive diagnosis are widely understood. Complicated chest radiographs, the lack of radiographic abnormalities in symptomatic patients, and the limitations of portable chest studies…
Introduction Development of the spine and spinal cord is a complex process determined by an intricate chain of embryologic stages under precise genetic control. Although congenital abnormalities of spine development are frequently classified according to the specific derangement responsible for…
A variety of systemic diseases affect the osseous skeleton and therefore the spine. Detection of bone abnormalities with imaging can be challenging with plain film, given that demineralization, a common element of many conditions, requires a 50% decrease in bone…
Introduction Spinal vascular diseases consist of spinal vascular malformations, spinal aneurysms, and spinal cord arterial ischemia. They are relatively rare but should be kept in the differential diagnosis for spinal tumors, demyelinations, or compressive myelopathies. As for spinal vascular malformations,…
A broad spectrum of cystic lesions can be identified on spine imaging. Multiple etiologies and different imaging characteristics of these lesions make the differential diagnosis a challenging issue for radiologists. Cysts may develop within the spinal canal and may be…
Introduction Spinal infection is a common disease worldwide and is being recognized more often, especially since the introduction of more sophisticated imaging techniques. It may be a primary disease, starting locally as a spinal infection, or secondary to a systemic…
Introduction Spinal neoplasms are divided into three groups based on their anatomic locations: extradural, extramedullary-intradural, and intramedullary tumors ( Fig. 30-1 ). Extradural tumors include masses in the bones, disks, and paraspinal soft tissues. The majority of spinal tumors (60%)…
Introduction Acute and chronic low back pain is a ubiquitous complaint encountered by primary care physicians throughout the United States, accounting for the second most common symptomatic reason for office visits. Low back pain is the leading cause of disability…
Imaging studies play a central role in the diagnosis of spinal trauma. The biomechanics, natural history, and treatment methods differ significantly in cervical and thoracolumbar injuries and are therefore addressed separately in this chapter. Multiple classification systems have been developed…