Summary of Key Points Ultrasound should be the first imaging modality used in the evaluation of the patients with potential disease of the biliary tree. Awareness of various scanning techniques and use of harmonic and compound imaging improve visualization of…
Summary of Key Points Ultrasound can be used to diagnose or exclude splenic abnormalities, but computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging may be needed in indeterminate cases. There is no single upper limit of normal for spleen size, since size…
Summary of Key Points The liver is an ideal organ for sonographic evaluation based on its large size, homogeneous parenchyma, and location high in the abdomen with access provided from both a subcostal and an intercostal approach. Standard ultrasound with…
Summary of Key Points After more than 20 years of development and a somewhat hesitant start, microbubbles have finally come of age as a contrast agent for ultrasound. The principal requirements for an ultrasound contrast agent are that it should…
Summary of Key Points Clinical ultrasound has been found to be an effective imaging modality with an excellent safety profile when used appropriately. Ultrasound can produce physical effects, which should be understood as part of the benefit-versus-risk assessment as with…
Summary of Key Points Quality imaging requires an understanding of basic acoustic principles. Image interpretation requires recognition and understanding of common artifacts. Special modes of operation, including harmonic imaging, compounding, elastography, and Doppler, expand the capabilities of conventional gray-scale imaging.…
Condition Absent in posterior dislocation of the shoulder Name of Sign Half-moon sign Description The medial humeral head normally overlaps the posterior glenoid rim on a standard anteroposterior (AP) shoulder radiograph in external rotation, an appearance resembling a half-moon. When…
A few examples of these are shown here, and the full listing is available online. A Aarskog Syndrome Aarskog syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder marked by stunted growth that may not become obvious until the child is about…
Abstract In general, an eponym can be considered the proper name of the first person or persons describing an anatomical structure, a classification system, a disease, a fracture, a surgical technique, an instrument, and so on. It is believed that…
Abstract Plates and Screws Blade Plate and Screws Indications: subtrochanteric and supracondylar femoral fractures ( Fig. 1 ) as well as femoral osteotomies Angled plate configuration Reconstruction Plate Indications: pelvic ( Fig. 2 ) and calcaneal ( Fig. 3 )…