Anatomy True story: in order to understand imaging of the skull base you are going to have to appreciate the normal anatomy first. We define the skull base as the region from the upper surface of the ethmoid bone and…
Time to play with the eye-ball—at first base, anatomy. The orbit is a cone-shaped structure made up of seven bones ( Fig. 9-1 ). The roof is formed by the orbital plate of the frontal bone anteriorly and the lesser…
Timing of Formation of Congenital Lesions If you think your ex utero life is complicated, wait till you see what goes on in utero! Understanding development of the central nervous system (CNS) aids in understanding congenital brain and spine anomalies…
The debate over whether a patient has atrophy or hydrocephalus has consumed an enormous number of pages in the neuroradiologic literature and whole sessions of national meetings. Why the fuss? Well, the implications as far as prognosis and treatment are…
White matter diseases are heterogeneous conditions linked together because they involve the same substrate. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is quite sensitive and, when combined with age and other pertinent clinical information, provides a reasonable amount of specificity for white matter…
A plethora of infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases affects the central nervous system (CNS). The normal brain responds to these insults in a rather limited, unimaginative, and stereotypical masculine manner. Initially it gets rubor (increased perfusion), calor (hot), tumor (edematous)…
Let’s start off with some depressing statistics. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has an incidence of over 500,000 cases per year, and is the leading cause of disability and death in children and young adults in the United States. The annual…
Imaging is an essential component in the workup of patients presenting with symptoms of stroke. “Stroke” is a nonspecific clinical term denoting a sudden loss of neurologic function by any cause (e.g., ischemic infarction, spontaneous hemorrhage, post ictal state). A…
The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the brain remains the worldwide standard. Members of the International Society of Neuropathology, International Academy of Pathology, and Preuss Foundation for Brain Tumor Research met in Lyon France for several bottles…
The anatomy and function of the brain is fascinating and complex, and we are still only scratching the surface in terms of our understanding of these structures. Nevertheless, a basic understanding of structure and function is critical in providing meaningful…