Hip and Thigh Anatomy The hip joint is a synovial articulation between the acetabulum of the pelvis and the proximal femur. The joint recess extends from the acetabulum over the femur to the level of the intertrochanteric line, just beyond…
Wrist and Hand Anatomy The wrist consists of several synovial articulations among the distal radius, the distal ulna, the proximal carpal row (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform), and the distal carpal row (trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate). The radiocarpal joint between…
Elbow Anatomy The elbow is a synovial joint composed of three elbow joint articulations: the trochlea and ulna, the capitellum and the radial head, and the proximal ulna and radius ( Fig. 4.1 ). The elbow joint has prominent joint…
The rotator cuff is composed of four tendons ( Fig. 3.1 ). Anteriorly, the subscapularis with its tendons converges onto the lesser tuberosity. Superiorly, the supraspinatus inserts on the superior aspect of the greater tuberosity; its footprint or attachment averages…
Muscle and Tendon Injury Muscle and tendon injuries may be categorized as acute and chronic. Acute injuries tend to take the form of direct impact injury, stretch injury during contraction (strain), or penetrating injury. Acute muscle injury can be clinically…
Equipment Considerations and Image Formation One of the primary physical components of an ultrasound machine is the transducer, which is connected by a cable to the other components, including the image screen or monitor and the computer processing unit. The…
The articular disorders that will be discussed in this chapter, pigmented villonodular synovitis, synovial chondromatosis, and amyloidosis, share some common radiologic imaging characteristics. These entities are more common in large joints, the plain radiographic findings may be subtle, and the…
The joint changes in hemophilia are secondary to chronic repetitive hemarthrosis and intraosseous bleeding. Hemarthrosis occurs in 75 to 90 percent of patients with hemophilia. The first bleed usually occurs between the ages of 2 and 3. Repetitive bleeding episodes…
There are a variety of disorders that affect the joints in children. In the past all of the disorders have been lumped together and labeled juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Although each disorder has different clinical and radiographic manifestations and course, it…
The collagen vascular diseases (connective tissue diseases) are a group of diseases that have multiple, varied systemic manifestations. Articular symptoms play a minor role in the total clinical picture and usually produce little in the way of radiographic change in…