The hepatic veno-occlusive diseases are a heterogeneous group of circulatory disorders characterized by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow at the sinusoidal or postsinusoidal levels. These disorders uniquely manifest portal hypertension before overt hepatic parenchymal disease and dysfunction, in contrast to…
Cirrhosis Etiology Virtually any chronic insult to the liver, if sufficiently severe and long-standing, may result in cirrhosis. In the United States, the most common causes are hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol ingestion, whereas in Asia and sub-Saharan…
The hepatic storage disorders are genetic conditions characterized by the accumulation of toxic substances within either hepatocytes or the hepatic extracellular matrix. This deposition causes secondary tissue damage, which may eventually progress to cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).…
Etiology Hepatic iron overload is a generic term that refers to the nonphysiologic accumulation of iron within the hepatic parenchyma. The most clinically significant cause of hepatic iron overload is hereditary hemochromatosis. Hereditary hemochromatosis is associated with several mutations in…
Etiology Fatty liver is a generic term that refers to the accumulation of lipids within hepatocytes. This chapter focuses on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common form of fatty liver. Histologically, it resembles alcoholic liver injury but occurs…
Etiology Malignant liver tumors can be classified either by cell of origin as hepatocellular, cholangiocellular, or mesenchymal or by site of origin as primary or secondary. This chapter will describe the most frequently encountered malignant hepatic tumors arising in the…
Etiology Although benign hepatic tumors have been classified into several histiotypes according to their cell of origin (i.e., hepatocytes, biliary epithelium, or mesenchymal cells), our focus in this discussion is on those lesions most frequently encountered in clinical practice, including…
Ultrasound Technical Aspects Ultrasound is a widely accessible, noninvasive imaging method that has many advantages over other imaging methods. It is portable and relatively inexpensive with high spatial and temporal resolution. It does not involve ionizing radiation and can be…
Surgical procedures performed on the bowel are innumerable, and their detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this chapter. To understand the related imaging, it is important to be familiar with the postoperative anatomy. Our purpose in this chapter is…
Etiology The causes of the development of colorectal carcinoma and its precursor lesion, the colonic adenoma, are multifactorial and include both genetic predisposition and environmental insults. Risk factors for colorectal carcinoma include familial polyposis syndrome, ulcerative colitis, family history of…