Introduction Although rare, with an incidence of 8 per 1000 births, congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased in prevalence due to the success of surgical and medical management in childhood. A significant proportion of patients with repaired CHD surviving to…
Knowledge of the cardiac anatomy is essential for identifying and understanding cardiovascular disease in patients and is therefore important in clinical practice. To date, various imaging techniques such as conventional chest radiography, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), computed tomography (CT) and…
Introduction Diseases of the air spaces are remarkably common, yet, the radiological approach to diagnosis is often considered challenging. In part, this is because a pattern of airspace opacification is non-specific ( Table 11.1 ). However, at its simplest, this…
Thoracic Trauma Introduction The thorax contains the organs most essential to basic life: namely, the heart, lungs and the largest and most important of the blood vessels. The alveoli of the lungs allow exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and…
The pulmonary interstitium consists of the connective tissue fibres that support the lung. It includes the intralobular interstitium beneath the alveolar epithelium, the interlobular septa and the peribronchovascular interstitium. The term interstitial lung disease (ILD) is used to refer to…
Histopathology All types of lung cancer are related to cigarette smoking, although around 15% of all lung cancers occur in never-smokers. The predominant cell types are small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC is divided…
Collapse and atelectasis are terms which are often used synonymously and refer to loss of volume within the lung. In North America, the term collapse is often reserved to denote complete loss of volume within an entire lobe or lung.…
Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to review lesions involving the trachea and proximal bronchi, to describe the radiological signs of bronchiectasis and to discuss the role of imaging in obstructive lung disease, a group of diffuse lung diseases…
Respiratory infections are the most common illnesses occurring in humans and pneumonia is the leading cause of death due to infectious disease and the sixth most common cause of death in the United States. Pneumonia is an acute infection of…
The mediastinum is bounded laterally by the two lungs, anteriorly by the sternum, posteriorly by the vertebrae, superiorly by the thoracic inlet and inferiorly by the diaphragm. Mediastinal Diseases Mediastinal Masses Incidence The true prevalence of mediastinal masses is unknown…