Vitamin C is important for synthesis of collagen at the level of hydroxylation of lysine and proline in precollagen. It is also involved in neurotransmitter metabolism (conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine and tryptophan to serotonin), cholesterol metabolism (conversion of cholesterol…
Vitamin B complex includes a number of water-soluble nutrients, including thiamine (vitamin B 1 ), riboflavin (B 2 ), niacin (B 3 ), pyridoxine (B 6 ), folate, cobalamin (B 12 ), biotin, and pantothenic acid. Choline and inositol are…
Overview of Vitamin A Vitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient that cannot be synthesized de novo by mammals; thus it is an obligatory dietary factor. The term vitamin A is generally used to refer to a group of compounds that…
Epidemiology Obesity is an important pediatric public health problem associated with risk of complications in childhood and increased morbidity and mortality throughout adult life. Obesity is now linked to more deaths than underweight. In 2014, according to the World Health…
Failure to thrive (FTT) has classically been the term used to describe children who are not growing as expected. Studies have advocated using the term malnutrition to describe this cohort of children with specifically defined classification based on anthropometric measurements.…
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Malnutrition as the Intersection of Food Insecurity and Health Insecurity Undernutrition is usually an outcome of three factors, often in combination: household food supply, childcare practices, and access to health and water/sanitation services. In famine and emergency settings, food shortage…
Early feeding and nutrition are of importance in the origin of adult diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, appropriate feeding practices should be established in the neonatal period and continued throughout childhood and…
Nutrition for infants, children, and adolescents should maintain current weight and support normal growth and development. Growth during infancy is rapid, critical for neurocognitive development, and has the highest energy and nutrient requirements relative to body size than any other…
Definition Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurobiologic disorder with onset in early childhood. The key features are impairment in social communication and social interaction accompanied by restricted and repetitive behaviors. The presentation of ASD can vary significantly from one…