Neonatal Cholestasis H. Hesham Abdel-Kader Hassan William F. Balistreri Neonatal cholestasis is defined biochemically as prolonged elevation of the serum levels of conjugated bilirubin beyond the first 14 days of life. Jaundice that appears after 2 wk of age, continues to progress, or…
Pathologic Manifestations Congenital and acquired alterations in hepatic structure and function (acute or chronic) can be manifest by varying patterns of reaction of the liver to cell injury. Hepatocyte injury can be caused by viral infection, drugs or toxins, hypoxia,…
During the early embryonic process of gastrulation, the 3 embryonic germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) are formed. The liver and biliary system arises from cells of the ventral foregut endoderm; their development can be divided into 3 distinct processes…
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Acute Pancreatitis Steven L. Werlin Michael Wilschanski Keywords Acute pancreatitis acute pancreatitis etiology acute pancreatitis diagnosis drug-induced pancreatitis (serum) amylase (serum) lipase Acute pancreatitis (AP), the most common pancreatic disorder in children, is increasing in incidence, and 50 or more cases are…
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Disorders Associated With Pancreatic Insufficiency Other than cystic fibrosis (CF), conditions that cause pancreatic insufficiency are very rare in children. They include Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, Ivemark syndrome, Pearson syndrome, isolated enzyme deficiencies, enterokinase deficiency (see Chapter 364 ),…
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The human pancreas develops from the ventral and dorsal domains of the primitive duodenal endoderm beginning at about the 5th wk of gestation ( Fig. 374.1 ). The larger dorsal anlage, which develops into the tail, body, and part of…