Osteochondromas and Hereditary Multiple Osteochondroma Definition and Synonyms Osteochondroma, also known as exostosis or osteocartilaginous exostosis, is characterized by a cartilage-capped bony outgrowth containing a marrow cavity with continuity to the underlying bone. Historical Background Osteochondromas are the most common…
Osteosarcoma (also known as osteogenic sarcoma) includes lesions ranging from low grade and indolent to high grade and aggressive, but in all cases osteoid matrix is directly produced by neoplastic cells. Histologically diverse, it includes tumors that mimic giant cell…
Osteoma/Bone Island Definition and Synonyms Osteoma and bone island or enostosis are benign slow-growing non-neoplastic lesions composed of dense mature compact or cancellous bone. The basic difference between the two is their location—osteoma being a surface (parosteal, periosteal) lesion, whereas…
The diagnostic pathology of bones and joints is not significantly more complicated than the pathology of other body sites, but tissues that are essentially invisible to an examining physician and that then must be sawed and decalcified can be technically…
It is often said—only partly in jest—that orthopedic surgeons need to distinguish only two disease processes: fracture and degenerative arthritis. Although it is true that much of clinical orthopedic practice focuses more on the technical details of exactly what anatomy…
Solitary bone lesions and soft tissue masses are commonly encountered in general orthopedic practice. Emphasis in this chapter will be on the radiographic appearance of solitary bone lesions. However, advanced imaging patterns will also be discussed, especially in the setting…
Definitions and Synonyms Cortex: the dense outer portion of a bone; also referred to as compacta Medulla: the inner part of a bone contained inside the cortex. It may be composed of marrow and fat in the midportions of long…
Acknowledgments Dr. Sempoux extends very special thanks to Professor Darius Moradpour and Dr. Sabine Schmidt-Kobbe (CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland) for their critical clinical advice in formulating this chapter. The term cirrhosis is derived from the Greek word “kirrhos” meaning “yellow” or…
Abbreviations CPA collagen proportionate area ECM extracellular matrix HRC hepatic repair complex HSC hepatic stellate cell MF myofibroblast MMP matrix metalloproteinase SMA smooth muscle actin TIMP tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase Regression of fibrosis is no longer a mythical concept. First…
Abbreviations AFP alpha fetoprotein CC cholangiocarcinoma CHC combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma CEA carcinoembryonic antigen EpCAM epithelial cell adhesion molecule HCC hepatocellular carcinoma K a keratin a Although the prefix CK is widely used in surgical pathology to designate human cytokeratins, consensus nomenclature…