Almost a decade ago it was estimated that over 30 million children participated in organized sports programs, with a third of them suffering an injury yearly that required evaluation by a nurse or physician. There are physical and physiologic differences…
The incidence of hand injuries increases 20-fold after age 10, with sports being the most common mechanism of injury. High impact sports such as football tend to produce injuries from single traumatic events, whereas repetitive overuse injuries are more common…
Relevant Anatomy and Biomechanics Osteology Skeletal growth around the elbow typically follows a characteristic development process. The elbow joint consists of the articulation of the distal humerus with the ulna (the ulnohumeral joint), the articulation of the distal humerus with…
Anatomy Skeletally immature bone contains growth plates, or physes, that represent the primary site of longitudinal bone growth. This area of rapidly growing cartilage transitions to bone by a process called endochondral ossification. Due to the nature of this rapid…
An increasing number of injuries are being seen in young, skeletally immature patients, which may be due to a decrease in free play combined with an increase in participation in competitive organized sports, sport specialization, and a general lack of…
Sports injuries in pediatric and adolescent athletes are being seen with increasing frequency, due to a variety of factors, including increased participation in higher levels of intensity and competition at younger ages, increased recognition of injuries in this age group,…
Degenerative conditions of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine are encountered at all levels of medical referral. Because of their prevalence, all practitioners, from primary care providers to spine specialists, should possess a basic understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis,…
Trauma to the thoracolumbar spine in athletes is common and can vary from minor sprain to major spinal fracture. Severe and potentially unstable spinal injuries are uncommon in sports-related trauma, but may be seen in athletes participating in contact sports…
This chapter provides an evidence-based approach to history and physical examination, initial stabilization and triage, diagnosis and imaging, treatment, and outcomes for cervical spine injuries in athletes. Cervical spine injury ranges from neuropraxias, to herniated discs, to complete spinal cord…
Introduction The terms “ stinger ” and “ burner ” are synonymous, and together represent a range of brachial nerve plexopathies. Initially described by Chrisman et al., stingers are almost invariably trauma-mediated, unilateral, reversible injuries of the upper extremity. While stingers…