Category Ophthalmology

Abstract It is important to carefully select patients for botulinum toxin rejuvenation treatment. It must be clear to the patient what the injection will do and how it works. The patient must also be fit to comprehend his or her…

Abstract Most faces are asymmetrical, with asymmetrical bone structure and therefore overlying muscle volume. The art is to see the difference in sizes and actions of the muscle groups to predict possible difference in innervation of bilateral muscles once the…

Abstract The main serotypes of botulinum toxin comprise different concentration measurements. Each must be reconstituted specifically for its own brand, and doses must not be interchanged. However, BOTOX and Xeomin have been prepared from the same concentration system, and dilutions…

Abstract Botulinum toxin is used for cosmetic (45%) and noncosmetic (55%) indications. It is effective as a skeletal muscle relaxant, an antispasticity agent, for essential tremor and for trigeminal neuralgia. Botulinum toxin acts at the autonomic junctions to treat hyperhidrosis…

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