History of Present Illness (HPI) A 32-year-old man with no past ocular or medical history complains of 3 days of light sensitivity and redness in his left eye. He woke up with the symptoms and thought that maybe he had…
Introduction The goal of uveitis therapy is to suppress intraocular inflammation to zero or minimal activity and then maintain quiescence. In other words, excellent, enduring control is the goal. If we can achieve this, then patients are spared the multiple…
Introduction Patients are often preoccupied with the “cause” of their affliction. Although this is understandable, the etiology of a given uveitis syndrome is often elusive, and about half of cases are labeled idiopathic or undifferentiated. In contrast, for the clinician,…
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Seventy percent of the total blood flow to the eye travels through the vascular network that is the choroid. Its primary function is to provide nutrients to the outer retinal structures, as well as the foveal avascular zone. However, there…
Choroidal Rupture Jorge Ruiz-Medrano Jay Chhablani Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Madrid, Spain LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India Abstract Choroidal ruptures involve a tear of the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch’s membrane, and choroidal tissue as a consequence of trauma…
Introduction Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) was first described as a type of macular disorder presenting with recurrent subretinal pigment epithelial hemorrhage by Yannuzzi et al . in 1982. Similar cases have then been described by Kleiner and Stern. Initial findings…
The differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors affecting the choroid can be particularly challenging due to the wide variety of such tumors. Choroidal tumors are both rare and highly diverse, and for this reason, diagnosis can be quite complex, which is…
Choroidal and Retinal Vasculature—Why Should We Evaluate the Choroid in Retinal Vascular Diseases? The retina has two sources of oxygenation. The inner retina is supplied with oxygen by the retinal vasculature, whereas the outer retina, especially the photoreceptor layers, is…
Introduction The choroid is a highly vascular tissue, per unit weight, the choroid is the tissue with the highest blood flow in the body. The choroid is an integral part of the nutrient and oxygen exchange with the outer third…