Definitions Sensory fusion: cortical integration of similar images into a unified percept. Horopter: the locus in space representing the intersection of all object locations that project images onto corresponding retinal points. Panum's fusional area: area in space surrounding the horopter…
Definitions Orthophoria: Exact ocular balance. In this state, perfect equilibrium occurs in the oculomotor apparatus, and the visual axes of each eye intersect at the object of regard. Phoria (Heterophoria): A latent (hidden/controlled) tendency of visual axis deviation manifesting only…
Definition Visual acuity in preverbal infants is defined as a motor or sensory response to a threshold stimulus of known size at a known testing distance. Visual acuity in preliterate but verbal children is described as the smallest target of…
Definition Muscles and associated tissues that provide eye movements and allow for binocular vision. Key Features Unique muscle type with specialized structure, metabolism, and innervation. Connective tissue gimbal supporting the eyeball and regulating its rotational properties. Embryology The development of…
Definition Evidence-based medicine is the use of the highest-quality medical data currently available to assist in clinical decision making. Key Features The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence propose the hierarchy for levels of evidence shown in…
Definition The genetic component underlying the pathogenesis of many of the heterogeneous diseases referred to as glaucoma . Key Features Congenital or juvenile onset. Common forms of glaucoma with complex inheritance. Introduction For many years a family history of glaucoma…
Definition Untoward events occurring with glaucoma surgery intraoperatively or postoperatively that can limit the success of the surgery. Key Features Can occur in the intraoperative, early postoperative, or late postoperative period. May or may not be technique dependent. May cause…
Definition Glaucoma drainage implants are surgically placed to lower intraocular pressure. They may be used at any stage in the treatment of glaucoma. Key Feature Glaucoma drainage implants bypass the natural aqueous outflow systems and typically shunt aqueous humor via…
Definition Medical and other adjunctive agents and associated surgical techniques used intraoperatively and/or preoperatively and postoperatively to modulate the wound healing associated with glaucoma surgery in an effort to increase its success. Key Features Mitomycin C. 5-Fluorouracil. Topical intraoperative use.…
Definition A surgical procedure featuring a partial-thickness scleral flap that creates a fistula between the anterior chamber and the subconjunctival space for filtration of aqueous fluid and the creation of a conjunctival bleb in an effort to lower intraocular pressure.…