Craniopharyngiomas are benign tumors originating from squamous epithelial remnants of Rathke pouch that can arise anywhere along the axis from the nasopharynx to the hypothalamus. , Their consistency can be cystic, solid, or a combination of both, and there is…
Introduction and Epidemiology The most common tumors affecting the sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar regions include pituitary adenomas, Rathke cleft cysts, craniopharyngiomas, meningiomas, germ cell tumors, and gliomas involving the hypothalamus or optic chiasm. Management is dictated according to each specific…
The use of the endonasal pathway for skull base surgery was initially reported in 1909 by Hirsch, who performed his first pituitary surgery in Vienna by approaching the sella through an endonasal route using multiple-staged operations with unenhanced visualization. Despite…
Introduction The majority of pituitary tumors are hormone-secreting. With the exception of prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumors (prolactinomas), surgery has historically been the mainstay of treatment for hormone-secreting as well as nonfunctioning pituitary tumors. In recent years, however, medical therapy has assumed…
Acknowledgements We are indebted to Karam Asmaro, MD, and Nyall London, MD, PhD, for preparing the surgical video presented. Introduction The lateral cavernous sinus is bounded medially by the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA), laterally by the…
Introduction Endoscopic pituitary surgery highlights a confluence of anatomic insight, surgical technique, advancing technologies, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Starting with the ancient Egyptians, who used the nose as a route for embalming, the evolution of endonasal skull base surgery has extensively…
Cerebral metastases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with cancer and are the most frequently encountered tumors in neuro-oncology. Approximately 50% of those affected by brain metastases will succumb to their central nervous system (CNS) disease…
The cerebellum serves as the principal site of disease in 2.6% of all primary central nervous system tumors, with a much higher prevalence in children than in adults. The clinical impact of a mass in the cerebellum belies its relatively…
Management of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in Immunocompetent Patients Presentation Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a category of extranodal lymphoma restricted to the nervous system accounting for approximately 3% of all brain tumors. Histologically, the majority of…
Introduction Low-grade gliomas are a group of intrinsic brain tumors, mainly occurring with seizures in young patients, appearing on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as highly infiltrative nonenhancing masses, well visible in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, involving one to…