Acknowledgment The authors thank Dr. Saxena for the cervical disc replacement operative photographs. Operative video is available on Expert Consult. Background Considerations Although great progress has occurred on the biomechanical aspects and significant progress on the clinical aspects of spinal…
Minimally invasive posterior cervical (MIPC) approaches are safe and effective procedures that can be used to treat clinically significant foraminal stenosis resulting from lateral disc herniation or osteophytes. Symptoms improve in more than 90% of patients who undergo the procedure.…
Acknowledgment Fig. 135.1 is courtesy of Mr. Bahram Fakouri, Consultant Spinal Surgeon, Guy’s and St. Thomas Hospital, London, UK; and Fig. 135.2 is courtesy of Dr. Ram Chaddha, Spine Surgeon, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India. Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy/Myelopathy:…
Acknowledgment The authors thank Mi-Ja Jho and Robin Coret for their assistance with preparation of the manuscript. Introduction The optimal surgical treatment for any disease process involves the direct removal of the offending pathology with minimal disruption of the surrounding,…
Background Cervical disc disease may be neurologically more compromising than the more frequently occurring lumbar disc disease due to anatomic particularities. However, cervical degenerative disc disease is the most common cause of acquired disability in patients older than the age…
Acknowledgments We are sincerely grateful to Professor P N Tandon and Professor R Bhatia the previous authors of this chapter’s section on TB for all their support. The fungal infection section is heavily adapted from “Fungal infections of the Central…
Introduction Parasites are organisms that exist by exploiting a host by obtaining nutrients from it. There are three types of parasites that can infest humans including protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. A number of parasitic infections invade the central nervous system…
Introduction Some aspects of epidemiology in the HIV pandemic, according to Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO), showed that the global spread of antiretroviral therapy has been the most important cause of the dramatic decline in…
Introduction Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) and spinal epidural abscess (SEA) have the potential to cause significant long-term disability and even death if not properly diagnosed and treated. To obtain the best patient outcomes, these spinal infections require prompt diagnosis and appropriate…
Introduction Intracranial suppurations may be primary or occur as a secondary complication of surgery. Postsurgical intracranial suppuration may be considered a mode of direct inoculation (iatrogenic) of infective agent into the craniotomy surgical field. It may be subdural or intracerebral…