Genetics in Clinical Neurology Since the discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the elucidation of the genetic mechanisms of heredity, clinical neurology has benefited from advances in genetics and neuroscience. This clinically relevant basic research has permitted…
Neurological disorders as a group are the leading cause of disability worldwide, and their contribution to the overall burden from all health conditions is increasing ( ). Aging of the population, population growth, and the ongoing epidemiological transition are occurring…
Acknowledgment The authors wish to thank Anabelle Grenier-Genest PhD(c) and Geneviève Leblanc MA(c) for their help in preparing this chapter and Thomas Lefebvre for the figures. Neurological disorders have many effects on sexual function that are often dismissed by rehabilitation…
Urogenital dysfunction can result from a variety of neurological disorders, and the impact of lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction on a patient’s health, dignity, and quality of life is increasingly becoming recognized. The investigation and management of disorders of urogenital…
Neuropsychology is the scientific study of neural correlates for cognition and behavior, with a specific clinical interest in patients presenting with a range of medical, neurological, and psychiatric illnesses. Neuropsychologists are specialized clinicians who receive extended fellowship training (with available…
Functional and structural investigations that assess the integrity of the visual system are of utmost importance for diagnosing and monitoring ophthalmic or neurological disorders that affect vision. These investigations complement the ophthalmic and fundus examinations, allowing precise quantitative baseline and…
Structural imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential techniques for evaluating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders, providing superb structural resolution and tissue contrast. On the other hand, functional and molecular imaging modalities—such…
Computed Tomographic Angiography Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a relatively rapid, thin-section, volumetric, helical CT technique performed with a time-optimized bolus of contrast medium to enhance visualization of the cerebral circulation. This approach may be tailored to illustrate various segments…
Computed Tomography Computed tomography (CT; other terms include computer assisted tomography [CAT]) has been commercially available since 1973. The term tomography (i.e., to slice or section) refers to a process for generating two-dimensional (2D) image slices of an examined organ…
Neurophysiological intraoperative monitoring (IOM) uses electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and evoked potentials (EPs) during surgery to improve outcome. These techniques warn the surgeon of impending complications in time to intervene and correct problems before they become worse. IOM can also…