See also Interferons General information Interferon beta is used in the form of natural fibroblast or recombinant preparations (interferon beta-1a and interferon beta-1b) and exerts antiviral and antiproliferative properties similar to those of interferon alfa. Although its efficacy has been…
See also Interferons General information Interferon alfa is used as purified natural leukocyte or lymphoblastoid human interferon, or as a recombinant DNA preparation. Work to assign the most frequently observed amino acids at each position has led to a so-called…
General information Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and the IGF-I receptor are structurally comparable to insulin and the insulin receptor. Recombinant human IGF-I has 54% identity to proinsulin. Insulin and IGF-I can bind to both receptors, but insulin can only transfer…
See also Insulin . General information Insulin lispro induces more rapid and constant release of insulin from the injection site, since it consists of monomeric insulin. The change of one or more amino acids in the insulin molecule prevents insulin…
See also Insulin General information Insulin glargine is a long-acting human insulin analogue, in which phenylalanine is removed from site 30 of the C terminal of the B chain and two arginine molecules replace it, adding two positive charges; asparagine…
See also Insulin . General information Insulin detemir is a long-acting insulin analogue that lacks threonine at the B30 position and is acylated with a 14-carbon myristoyl fatty acid side-chain at the epsilon-amino group of the lysine in the B28…
See also Insulin General information Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting synthetic insulin in which proline is replaced by aspartate at position 28 in the B chain. Insulin aspart has been reviewed [ ]. Its adverse effects and the resulting adverse…
See also Insulin aspart ; Insulin detemir ; Insulin glargine ; Insulin lispro General information Insulin is used for substitution therapy in patients with an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Most of the insulins now prescribed are either human…
General information Inosine pranobex is a synthetic product, also known as isoprinosine or inosine dimepranol acedobene, with antiviral properties that are assumed to be related to its effect on T cell-mediated immunity rather than to direct antiviral activity. It has…
General information Pulmonary delivery of drugs is the administration route of choice in respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Different devices are available, including metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers, and nearly 80% of asthmatic…