General information Pramipexole is a non-ergot dopamine agonist similar to bromocriptine, used in the management of Parkinson’s disease as an adjunct to levodopa. In a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of pramipexole and ropinirole, dizziness, nausea, hypotension, hallucinations, and…
See also Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists General information Practolol is a highly cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Practolol was withdrawn from general oral use (because of sclerosing peritonitis and the oculomucocutaneous syndrome) [ ]. The syndrome included a psoriasiform rash,…
General information Potassium perchlorate is a thyrostatic drug that is still used (in a dose of 1000 mg/day or more) as an alternative to the thionamides, especially in cases of allergy and sometimes in cases of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism [ ].…
General information Oral potassium chloride is used to prevent or correct potassium depletion due to diuretic use or other conditions. Potassium chloride is available not only for medicinal purposes but also as a food supplement and salt substitute. The main…
See also Antifungal azoles [for systemic use] General information Posaconazole is a lipophilic antifungal triazole. In vitro, it has broad-spectrum activity against opportunistic, endemic, and dermatophytic fungi, including organisms that are often resistant to existing agents, such as C. glabrata…
General information Polyvidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone, povidone) is a variable-weight polymer of the monomer N-vinylpyrrolidinone. When it enters the body, it causes histologically characteristic reactions in tissues with which it comes into contact [ , ]. Polyvidone co-polymers are used in cosmetics…
General information Polyurethanes are organic polymers that are formed by reacting a polyol (an alcohol with more than two reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule) with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate in the presence of suitable catalysts and additives. Flexible…
General information Polytetrafluoroethylene (Polytef) is widely used in industry. “Teflon” is used in household appliances to avoid sticking of food. Polytef paste is used for a variety of medical purposes, including replacement grafts in vascular surgery, vocal cord or fold…
See also Ion exchange polymers General information The polystyrene sulfonates are sulfonated derivatives of polystyrene and have high affinities for ions; they therefore belong to the group of compounds known as ionomers. Uses Polystyrene sulfonic acid has been used as…
General information Polyoxyl castor oil (polyethoxylated castor oil, Kolliphor EL, or Cremophor EL) is prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with castor oil in a ratio of 35:1. This results in a compound in which the hydroxyl groups of the castor…